Bubniene Urte Samukaite, Ratautaite Vilma, Ramanavicius Arunas, Bucinskas Vytautas
Department of Mechatronics, Robotics and Digital Manufacturing, Faculty of Mechanics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanaviciaus Str. 28, LT-03224 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Jul 23;14(15):2984. doi: 10.3390/polym14152984.
This paper provides an overview of the application of conducting polymers (CPs) used in the design of tactile sensors. While conducting polymers can be used as a base in a variety of forms, such as films, particles, matrices, and fillers, the CPs generally remain the same. This paper, first, discusses the chemical and physical properties of conducting polymers. Next, it discusses how these polymers might be involved in the conversion of mechanical effects (such as pressure, force, tension, mass, displacement, deformation, torque, crack, creep, and others) into a change in electrical resistance through a charge transfer mechanism for tactile sensing. Polypyrrole, polyaniline, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polydimethylsiloxane, and polyacetylene, as well as application examples of conducting polymers in tactile sensors, are overviewed. Attention is paid to the additives used in tactile sensor development, together with conducting polymers. There is a long list of additives and composites, used for different purposes, namely: cotton, polyurethane, PDMS, fabric, Ecoflex, Velostat, MXenes, and different forms of carbon such as graphene, MWCNT, etc. Some design aspects of the tactile sensor are highlighted. The charge transfer and operation principles of tactile sensors are discussed. Finally, some methods which have been applied for the design of sensors based on conductive polymers, are reviewed and discussed.
本文概述了导电聚合物（CPs）在触觉传感器设计中的应用。虽然导电聚合物可以以多种形式用作基础材料，如薄膜、颗粒、基质和填料，但导电聚合物本身通常保持不变。本文首先讨论了导电聚合物的化学和物理性质。接下来，探讨了这些聚合物如何通过用于触觉传感的电荷转移机制，将机械效应（如压力、力、张力、质量、位移、变形、扭矩、裂纹、蠕变等）转化为电阻变化。综述了聚吡咯、聚苯胺、聚（3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩）、聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚乙炔，以及导电聚合物在触觉传感器中的应用实例。同时关注了触觉传感器开发中与导电聚合物一起使用的添加剂。有一长串用于不同目的的添加剂和复合材料，即：棉花、聚氨酯、聚二甲基硅氧烷、织物、Ecoflex、维乐实（Velostat）、MXenes以及不同形式的碳，如石墨烯、多壁碳纳米管等。文中突出了触觉传感器的一些设计方面。讨论了触觉传感器的电荷转移和工作原理。最后，对基于导电聚合物的传感器设计所应用的一些方法进行了综述和讨论。
