Understanding precancerous lesions of the oral cavity.

Precancerous lesions provide insight into tumor development as well as prognostication, since distinguishing high-risk from benign disease will stratify clinical management. In a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, Ghosh et al performed comprehensive genomic characterization of the precancerous lesion leukoplakia, comparing RNA and DNA with peripheral blood, normal mucosa, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the gingivobuccal region of the oral cavity from the same 28 individuals. The data paint a picture of increasing mutation and early caspase-8 inactivation on the background of inflammation with decreasing immune surveillance in the progression from benign leukoplakia to SCC. This research points to an opportunity for disease intercept at the premalignant niche prior to the development of malignancy. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.