Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2022 Jul 27;17(7):e0270600. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270600. eCollection 2022.
Unlike other European domesticates introduced in the Americas after the European invasion, equids (Equidae) were previously in the Western Hemisphere but were extinct by the late Holocene era. The return of equids to the Americas through the introduction of the domestic horse (Equus caballus) is documented in the historical literature but is not explored fully either archaeologically or genetically. Historical documents suggest that the first domestic horses were brought from the Iberian Peninsula to the Caribbean in the late 15th century CE, but archaeological remains of these early introductions are rare. This paper presents the mitochondrial genome of a late 16th century horse from the Spanish colonial site of Puerto Real (northern Haiti). It represents the earliest complete mitogenome of a post-Columbian domestic horse in the Western Hemisphere offering a unique opportunity to clarify the phylogeographic history of this species in the Americas. Our data supports the hypothesis of an Iberian origin for this early translocated individual and clarifies its phylogenetic relationship with modern breeds in the Americas.
与欧洲人在欧洲人入侵后引入美洲的其他家养动物不同，马科动物（Equidae）以前就在西半球，但在全新世晚期灭绝了。马（Equus caballus）的引入使马科动物重新回到了美洲，这在历史文献中有记载，但无论是考古学还是遗传学都没有充分探讨。历史文献表明，第一批家马是在 15 世纪末从伊比利亚半岛带到加勒比地区的，但这些早期引入的考古遗迹非常罕见。本文介绍了来自西班牙殖民遗址波多黎各雷亚尔（海地北部）的一匹 16 世纪后期马的线粒体基因组。这是西半球最早的完整的后哥伦布时期家马的线粒体基因组，为澄清该物种在美洲的系统地理学历史提供了一个独特的机会。我们的数据支持了这一早期迁移个体起源于伊比利亚半岛的假说，并澄清了它与美洲现代品种的系统发育关系。
