Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, 102629, Beijing, China.
Jiangsu Recbio Technology Co., Ltd., 215300, Taizhou, China.
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022 Jul 27;7(1):256. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01123-7.
A steep rise in Omicron reinfection cases suggests that this variant has increased immune evasion ability. To evaluate its antigenicity relationship with other variants, antisera from guinea pigs immunized with spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs) were cross-tested against pseudotyped variants. The neutralization activity against Omicron was markedly reduced when other VOCs or VOIs were used as immunogens, and Omicron (BA.1)-elicited sera did not efficiently neutralize the other variants. However, a Beta or Omicron booster, when administered as the 4th dose 3-months after the 3rd dose of any of the variants, could elicit broad neutralizing antibodies against all of the current variants including Omicron BA.1. Further analysis with 280 available antigen-antibody structures and quantification of immune escape from 715 reported neutralizing antibodies provide explanations for the observed differential immunogenicity. Three distinct clades predicted using an in silico algorithm for clustering of sarbecoviruses based on immune escape provide key information for rational design of vaccines.
奥密克戎再感染病例的急剧上升表明，该变体增加了免疫逃逸能力。为了评估其与其他变体的抗原性关系，用 SARS-CoV-2 关注变体（VOCs）和感兴趣变体（VOIs）的刺突蛋白免疫的豚鼠抗血清对假型变体进行了交叉测试。当使用其他 VOCs 或 VOIs 作为免疫原时，针对奥密克戎的中和活性明显降低，并且奥密克戎（BA.1）诱导的血清不能有效地中和其他变体。然而，当在任何变体的第 3 剂后 3 个月作为第 4 剂给予 Beta 或奥密克戎增强剂时，可以引发针对所有当前变体（包括奥密克戎 BA.1）的广泛中和抗体。使用基于免疫逃逸的 SARS-CoV-2 聚类的计算算法进行的 280 个可用抗原-抗体结构的进一步分析和对 715 种报告中和抗体的免疫逃逸的量化提供了对观察到的差异免疫原性的解释。基于免疫逃逸的 SARS-CoV-2 聚类的计算算法预测了三个不同的进化枝，为疫苗的合理设计提供了关键信息。
