Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC-National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Sep 5;437:129319. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129319. Epub 2022 Jun 9.
Novel powdered activated carbons (PACs) from pine cones and pine nut shells (PNSs) were tested for the competitive adsorption of pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) in spiked (100 µg/L) secondary effluent and mixed liquor from an urban wastewater treatment plant. Steam activated PNS77, with hierarchical pore structure and 1463 m/g of BET area, outperformed the commercial benchmark (WP220, mineral origin) for PhCs and dissolved organic matter (DOM) control. PNS77 attained the highest adsorption capacity and rate in synthetic and real wastewaters. Competitive adsorption isotherms revealed the detrimental effect of direct site competing DOM on PhC removal. The PhCs' adsorbability increased with their hydrophobicity, regardless of the water matrix. Kinetic data allowed inferring that indirect competition due to pore constriction/blockage appeared to occur only in mixed liquor. Adsorption isotherm data modelling for ng/L range revealed 80 % removal of carbamazepine and diclofenac would be achieved dosing 8-15 mg/L PNS77 to secondary effluent, while for mixed liquor the dose must be doubled to balance the increased competition. Hydrophilic sulfamethoxazole required a higher dose (34-44 mg/L), lower in the mixed liquor. PNS77 hierarchical pore network and basic surface chemistry minimized DOM direct site competition, requiring lower doses in practical applications for wastewater treatment.
从松果和松子壳（PNSs）中制备的新型粉末状活性炭（PACs）用于竞争吸附二级出水中和城市污水处理厂混合液中痕量的药物化合物（PhCs）。具有分级孔结构和 BET 比表面积为 1463 m2/g 的蒸汽活化 PNS77，在控制 PhCs 和溶解性有机物（DOM）方面优于商业基准（WP220，源于矿物质）。PNS77 在合成和实际废水中表现出最高的吸附容量和速率。竞争吸附等温线揭示了直接竞争的 DOM 对 PhC 去除的不利影响。无论水基质如何，PhCs 的吸附性均随疏水性的增加而增加。动力学数据表明，由于孔径收缩/阻塞而产生的间接竞争似乎仅在混合液中发生。对于 ng/L 范围内的吸附等温线数据建模表明，向二级出水中投加 8-15 mg/L 的 PNS77 可去除 80%的卡马西平和双氯芬酸，而对于混合液，必须加倍剂量以平衡增加的竞争。亲水性磺胺甲恶唑需要更高的剂量（34-44 mg/L），在混合液中更低。PNS77 的分级孔网络和碱性表面化学性质最小化了 DOM 的直接竞争，在实际废水处理应用中需要较低的剂量。
