Ahmed Furqan, Zain-Ul-Abdein Muhammad, Channa Iftikhar Ahmed, Yaseen Muhammad Kamran, Gilani Sadaf Jamal, Makhdoom Muhammad Atif, Mansoor Muhammad, Shahzad Usman, Jumah May Nasser Bin
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan.
Thin Film Lab, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Jul 22;15(15):5097. doi: 10.3390/ma15155097.
Commercially pure titanium (Ti) is widely used in bio-implants due to its high corrosion resistance. However, Ti exhibits marginally low mechanical and tribological properties, which limit its applications in some orthopedic implants. In this work, the Ti samples were subjected to ultrasonic surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) for various durations to improve their surface properties such as hardness, strength and surface energy. SMAT-induced grain refinement was analyzed using optical, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy techniques. A Vickers hardness test was performed to determine the through-thickness hardness. Mechanical testing was carried out to measure the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and ductility of the specimens. Corrosion tests were performed on a Gamry Potentiostat. The surface energy of SMAT-modified samples was calculated using the Owens-Wendt method. It was observed that SMAT reduced the average grain size from 50 μm to as low as 100 nm. The grain refinement and the corresponding grain boundary density led to a significant improvement in mechanical properties and biocompatibility in terms of increased hardness, yield and tensile strengths, surface energy, corrosion rate and hydrophilicity.
工业纯钛（Ti）因其高耐腐蚀性而广泛应用于生物植入物。然而，钛的机械性能和摩擦学性能略显不足，这限制了其在某些骨科植入物中的应用。在这项工作中，对钛样品进行了不同时长的超声表面机械研磨处理（SMAT），以改善其表面性能，如硬度、强度和表面能。使用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜技术分析了SMAT诱导的晶粒细化。进行维氏硬度测试以确定贯穿厚度的硬度。进行力学测试以测量试样的屈服强度、极限抗拉强度和延展性。在Gamry恒电位仪上进行腐蚀测试。使用欧文斯-温特方法计算SMAT改性样品的表面能。观察到SMAT将平均晶粒尺寸从50μm降低至低至100nm。晶粒细化和相应的晶界密度在硬度、屈服强度和抗拉强度、表面能、腐蚀速率和亲水性增加方面导致了机械性能和生物相容性的显著改善。
