Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), INSTM UdR-Palermo, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
Molecules. 2022 Jul 23;27(15):4722. doi: 10.3390/molecules27154722.
Two sets of four different supported catalyst materials were prepared. One set was obtained by polymerization of a bis-vinylimidazolium salt, which formed a poly(ionic liquid) coating on SiO2, TiO2, boron nitride BN, and carbon nitride C3N4. The other set was, instead, obtained by immobilizing Keggin heteropolyacid H3PW12O40 onto poly-imidazolium functionalized materials. All the catalysts, including the bare supports, were subjected to physical and chemical characterization by XRD, SEM, Specific Surface Area and pore size measurements, TGA, FTIR, and acidity-basicity measurements. The catalytic activity of the materials was tested versus the fructose dehydration in water solution at two different sugar initial concentrations (0.3 and 1 M). Tests lasted 3 h with an amount of catalyst of 2 g∙L−1. The presence of the poly-imidazolium on the surface of the supports increased the catalytic conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (the most abundant compound obtained) and was further improved by the contemporary presence of the heteropolyacid, at least for the highest initial fructose concentration. In the latter conditions, the highest yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (>40%) was also obtained.
两组四组不同的负载型催化剂材料被制备。一组是由双乙烯基咪唑盐聚合得到的，在 SiO2、TiO2、氮化硼 BN 和氮化碳 C3N4 上形成了聚（离子液体）涂层。另一组则是通过将 Keggin 杂多酸 H3PW12O40 固载到聚咪唑功能化材料上得到的。所有的催化剂，包括裸载体，都通过 XRD、SEM、比表面积和孔径测量、TGA、FTIR 和酸碱性测量进行了物理和化学表征。在水相中两种不同的初始糖浓度（0.3 和 1 M）下，对材料的催化活性进行了果糖脱水测试。测试持续 3 小时，催化剂用量为 2 g∙L−1。在载体表面上存在聚咪唑增加了果糖向 5-羟甲基糠醛（最丰富的产物）的催化转化率，并且至少在最高初始果糖浓度下，同时存在杂多酸进一步提高了转化率。在后一种情况下，还获得了最高的 5-羟甲基糠醛收率（>40%）。
