Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, INES Ruhengeri Institute of Applied Sciences, Ruhengeri, Rwanda.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya.
Niger Postgrad Med J. 2022 Jul-Sep;29(3):236-243. doi: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_78_22.
Dental caries remains a public health threat of concern among children. About 2.3 billion people are affected by dental caries, of which 530 million are children globally.
This study was carried out to identify sugar fermenting bacteria in the oral cavity and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, assess the association with sugar fermenter bacteria and dental caries and evaluate dental caries outcomes among children.
This was a cross-sectional study conducted between October 2021 and February 2022 at Ruhengeri Referral Hospital. About 136 oral swab samples were collected from children with and without dental caries at 1:1 ratio. The samples were put in Stuart sterile container and transported to INES-clinical microbiology laboratory for microbial identification. Logistic regression analysis of demographic characteristics was performed to study the relationship between demographic variables and dental caries. Chi-square test was performed for the association between variables.
About 67.6% were male, while children of age 7-9 years (64.7%) dominated the age groups. Lactobacilli spp (15.29%) and Streptococcus mutans (12.94%) were the most predominant microorganisms observed in the oral cavity among children with dental caries. The S. mutans (x = 27.03, P < 0.00001, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.2901-0.5785), S. aureus (x = 34.59, P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 0.3541-0.6292), Enterobacter aerogenes (x = 13.5, P = 0.000239, 95% CI = 0.151-0.4622), Serratia marcescens (x = 11.64, P = 0.00645, 95% CI = 0.1275-0.4418) and Klebsiella pneumonia (x = 13.51, P = 0.000237, 95% CI = 0.1511-0.4623) were significantly associated with dental caries. Teeth loss (x = 51.04, P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 0.4757-0.7205), teeth pain (x = 5.05, P = 0.0246, 95% CI = 0.0249-0.33499), and infection (x = 4.73, P = 0.02964, 95% CI = 0.0186-0.3441) were dental outcomes associated with tooth decay. Ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and amoxicillin were the most sensitive antibiotics, while vancomycin and chloramphenicol were the most resistant.
Sugar consumption favours the growth of sugar fermenter bacteria that cause dental caries among children. Dental caries is associated with adverse oral health outcomes among children. Oral health education is recommended for children. Parents are advised to reduce the consumption of sugary food for their children for oral health safety.
龋齿仍然是儿童关注的公共卫生威胁之一。大约有 23 亿人受到龋齿的影响，其中全球有 5.3 亿儿童受到龋齿的影响。
本研究旨在确定口腔中的糖发酵菌及其抗生素敏感性模式，评估其与龋齿的相关性，并评估儿童的龋齿结局。
这是一项横断面研究，于 2021 年 10 月至 2022 年 2 月在 Ruhengeri 转诊医院进行。从有和没有龋齿的儿童中以 1:1 的比例采集了约 136 个口腔拭子样本。将样本放入 Stuart 无菌容器中，并运送到 INES 临床微生物学实验室进行微生物鉴定。使用逻辑回归分析人口统计学特征，研究人口统计学变量与龋齿之间的关系。对变量之间的关联进行卡方检验。
约 67.6%为男性，而 7-9 岁的儿童（64.7%）在年龄组中占主导地位。在有龋齿的儿童的口腔中，最主要的微生物是乳杆菌属（15.29%）和变异链球菌（12.94%）。变异链球菌（x = 27.03，P < 0.00001，95%置信区间[CI]=0.2901-0.5785）、金黄色葡萄球菌（x = 34.59，P < 0.00001，95%置信区间[CI]=0.3541-0.6292）、产气肠杆菌（x = 13.5，P = 0.000239，95%置信区间[CI]=0.151-0.4622）、粘质沙雷氏菌（x = 11.64，P = 0.00645，95%置信区间[CI]=0.1275-0.4418）和肺炎克雷伯菌（x = 13.51，P = 0.000237，95%置信区间[CI]=0.1511-0.4623）与龋齿显著相关。牙齿缺失（x = 51.04，P < 0.00001，95%置信区间[CI]=0.4757-0.7205）、牙齿疼痛（x = 5.05，P = 0.0246，95%置信区间[CI]=0.0249-0.33499）和感染（x = 4.73，P = 0.02964，95%置信区间[CI]=0.0186-0.3441）是与龋齿相关的口腔健康结局。环丙沙星、克林霉素和阿莫西林是最敏感的抗生素，而万古霉素和氯霉素是最耐药的抗生素。
糖的消耗有利于引起儿童龋齿的糖发酵菌的生长。龋齿与儿童不良口腔健康结局有关。建议对儿童进行口腔健康教育。建议父母减少儿童含糖食物的摄入，以确保口腔健康安全。
