Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China.
Glob Chang Biol. 2022 Oct;28(20):6021-6032. doi: 10.1111/gcb.16357. Epub 2022 Aug 7.
Climate warming has significantly altered the phenology of plants in recent decades. However, in contrast to the widely reported warming-induced extension of vegetative growing season, the response of fruit development period (FDP) from flowering to fruiting remains largely unexplored, particularly for woody plants. Analyzing >560,000 in situ observations of both flowering and fruiting dates for six temperate woody species across 2958 European phenological observations sites during 1980-2013, we found that in all species both flowering and fruiting phenology, that is, the FDP, advanced with climate warming. However, the advancing rates of the two events were not necessarily equal for any given species, resulting in divergent changes in the length of FDP among species with climate warming. During 1980-2013, not only the temperature during FDP but also the forcing requirement for fruit development increased, both affecting the length of FDP. The shortened FDP was mainly due to elevated temperature, thus accelerating the accumulation of forcing, whereas the prolonged FDP was primarily caused by the substantial increase of the forcing requirement of fruiting, which could be fulfilled only in a longer time and thus slowed down the advance of fruiting. This study provides large-scale empirical evidence of warming-induced advances of FDP but divergent changes in its length in temperate woody species. Our findings demonstrate the contrasting reproductive phenological strategies among temperate woody species under the pressure of warming climate, contrary to the lengthening of vegetative growing season, which is by and largely similar with different woody species.
气候变暖在最近几十年显著改变了植物的物候期。然而，与广泛报道的变暖导致的营养生长季节延长相比，开花到结果的果实发育期（FDP）的响应仍然在很大程度上未被探索，特别是对于木本植物。通过分析 1980-2013 年间 2958 个欧洲物候观测点的 6 个温带木本物种的 >560,000 个原位观测的开花和结果日期，我们发现所有物种的开花和结果物候期，即 FDP，都随着气候变暖而提前。然而，对于任何给定的物种，这两个事件的提前率不一定相等，导致 FDP 在物种间随着气候变暖而发生不同的变化。在 1980-2013 年期间，不仅 FDP 期间的温度，而且果实发育的强迫需求也增加了，这两者都影响了 FDP 的长度。缩短的 FDP 主要是由于温度升高，从而加速了强迫的积累，而延长的 FDP 主要是由于果实发育的强迫需求的大幅增加，只有在更长的时间内才能满足，从而减缓了果实的提前。本研究提供了大尺度的经验证据，证明了温带木本物种的 FDP 在变暖的影响下提前，但在其长度上存在分歧。我们的研究结果表明，在变暖气候的压力下，温带木本物种之间存在相反的繁殖物候策略，与不同木本物种的营养生长季节延长相反。
