Xu Hanzhi, Lu Xia, Wang Chunde, Ning Junhao, Chen Min, Wang Yuan, Yuan Ke
Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
Front Physiol. 2022 Jul 12;13:872562. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.872562. eCollection 2022.
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) has been found to regulate longevity through the PI3K/Akt/FoxO pathway and maintenance of genome integrity in worms, flies, and mammals. However, limited information is available on the roles of PTEN in longevity of aquatic animals. Here we extended this paradigm using two closely related scallops, , and Argopecten , with significantly distinct life spans, which are commercially important bivalve species for fishery and aquaculture in China, United States, Peru, and Chile. The ORFs of the and were 1,476 and 1,473 bp, which encoded 491 and 490 amino acids, respectively. There were 48 synonymous and 16 non-synonymous SNPs and one InDel of three nucleotides between and , resulting in variations in 15 amino acids and lack of S453 in AiPTEN. Differences in conformation and posttranslational modification were predicted between ApPTEN and AiPTEN, which may indicate different activities of ApPTEN and AiPTEN. When the animals were subjected to nutrition restriction, the expression of both and was upregulated, with responded faster and more robust than . Ionizing radiation induced significantly elevated expression of but not in the adductor muscle, and the mortality rate of was significantly lower than that of , indicating that may play a protective role by maintaining the genome integrity. RNAi of significantly downregulated the expression of its downstream regulated genes known to favor longevity, such as , , and . These results indicated that PTEN may contribute to the longevity of through regulation of nutrient availability and genomic stability, probably PI3K/Akt/FoxO pathway. Our study may provide new evidence for understanding of the conservative functions of PTEN in regulation of lifespan in animals and human, and it may also benefit the selection of scallops strains with long lifespan and thus larger size.
在染色体10上缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源物（PTEN）已被发现可通过PI3K/Akt/FoxO信号通路调节线虫、果蝇和哺乳动物的寿命，并维持基因组完整性。然而，关于PTEN在水生动物寿命方面的作用，目前所知信息有限。在此，我们以两种亲缘关系密切、寿命差异显著的扇贝——栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）和海湾扇贝（Argopecten irradians）为研究对象，拓展了这一研究范式。这两种扇贝是中国、美国、秘鲁和智利渔业与水产养殖中具有重要商业价值的双壳类物种。栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝的开放阅读框（ORF）分别为1476和1473bp，分别编码491和490个氨基酸。栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝之间存在48个同义单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和16个非同义SNP，以及一个3个核苷酸的插入/缺失（InDel），导致15个氨基酸发生变化，且栉孔扇贝PTEN（AiPTEN）中缺少S453。预测海湾扇贝PTEN（ApPTEN）和栉孔扇贝PTEN在构象和翻译后修饰上存在差异，这可能表明ApPTEN和AiPTEN具有不同的活性。当动物受到营养限制时，栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝中PTEN的表达均上调，其中栉孔扇贝的反应更快且更强烈。电离辐射显著诱导了闭壳肌中栉孔扇贝PTEN的表达升高，但未诱导海湾扇贝PTEN表达升高，且栉孔扇贝的死亡率显著低于海湾扇贝，这表明栉孔扇贝PTEN可能通过维持基因组完整性发挥保护作用。对栉孔扇贝PTEN进行RNA干扰（RNAi）显著下调了其下游已知有利于长寿的调控基因的表达，如胰岛素样生长因子1（Igf1）、叉头转录因子O1（FoxO1）和沉默信息调节因子2相关酶1（Sir2）。这些结果表明，PTEN可能通过调节营养物质可用性和基因组稳定性，可能是通过PI3K/Akt/FoxO信号通路，来促进栉孔扇贝的长寿。我们的研究可能为理解PTEN在调节动物和人类寿命中的保守功能提供新证据，也可能有助于选择寿命长因而体型更大的扇贝品系。
