Spittle Sharna, Spittle Michael, Itoh Sho
College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Sports Act Living. 2022 Jul 12;4:854617. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.854617. eCollection 2022.
This study explored the process of acquiring services from external providers by schools as a form of outsourcing of physical education activities. Physical education is a learning area that is more susceptible to outsourcing than most learning areas due in part to the availability of a range of external providers as well a perceived lack of specialist knowledge and training in physical education in teacher education. Surveys were completed by 280 schools, including primary and secondary schools in Victoria Australia. Most schools (75%) outsourced some components of physical education, with primary schools (78.1%) significantly more likely to outsource than secondary schools (59.5%) ( < 0.05). Areas of physical education most often outsourced were swimming and outdoor education, as well as lifestyle activities, gymnastics, and dance; these areas did differ significantly ( < 0.05) for primary and secondary schools, and based on the size of the schools and the number of physical education staff. Common reasons for outsourcing were to access expertise, to access equipment or facilities, and to provide access to experiences, with reasons differing significantly ( < 0.05) between secondary and primary schools and based on the number of physical education staff. The main barriers to outsourcing were financial cost, followed by timetabling issues, external provider availability, and transport to the activity. Barriers did differ significantly ( < 0.05) for school location (metropolitan, regional, and rural), size of school, number of physical education staff, and between primary and secondary schools. The schools typically preferred the external provider to come to the school (62.5%) rather than using facilities of the external provider, with outsourcing most often funded by students paying per activity (64.9%), but preferences did differ significantly ( < 0.05) between primary and secondary schools, and based on school size and the number of physical education staff. This study highlights that outsourcing of physical education is a common practice and that there are differences in the practice for primary and secondary schools, which may impact teacher education in physical education.
本研究探讨了学校从外部供应商获取服务作为体育活动外包形式的过程。体育是一个比大多数学习领域更容易外包的学习领域，部分原因是有一系列外部供应商，以及教师教育中体育专业知识和培训的明显不足。澳大利亚维多利亚州的280所中小学完成了调查。大多数学校（75%）外包了体育的一些组成部分，小学（78.1%）比中学（59.5%）更有可能外包（<0.05）。最常外包的体育领域是游泳和户外教育，以及生活方式活动、体操和舞蹈；这些领域在中小学之间、基于学校规模和体育教师数量存在显著差异（<0.05）。外包的常见原因是获取专业知识、获取设备或设施以及提供体验机会，这些原因在中小学之间以及基于体育教师数量存在显著差异（<0.05）。外包的主要障碍是财务成本，其次是时间安排问题、外部供应商的可用性以及前往活动地点的交通。障碍在学校位置（大都市、地区和农村）、学校规模、体育教师数量以及中小学之间存在显著差异（<0.05）。学校通常更喜欢外部供应商到学校来（62.5%），而不是使用外部供应商的设施，外包最常由学生按每项活动付费资助（64.9%），但偏好在中小学之间以及基于学校规模和体育教师数量存在显著差异（<0.05）。本研究强调，体育外包是一种常见做法，中小学在做法上存在差异，这可能会影响体育教师教育。
