Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.
Eur J Public Health. 2022 Oct 3;32(5):703-708. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac096.
To characterize geospatial patterning of disadvantage in Sweden, we examined whether municipal-level indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage and disability pension (DP) rate were clustered, whether the different geospatial clusters were overlapping and whether the findings were similar among women and men.
Administrative national data from all 290 Swedish municipalities were used to determine the prevalence of DP and socioeconomic disadvantage [poverty, long-term unemployment, income inequality (GINI Index) and income inequality between women and men]. Geospatial cold spots (clusters of municipalities with a DP/socioeconomic disadvantage prevalence lower than the nationwide prevalence) and hot spots (clusters of municipalities with a DP/socioeconomic disadvantage higher than the nationwide prevalence) were identified, and whether a hot spot was overlapping with another hot spot and a cold spot overlapping with another cold spot were analysed using the Getis-Ord Gi statistics.
Among women and men, cold spots of DP were most consistently located in the Stockholm area. Hot spots of DP were found in the mid-south Sweden, characterized by mid-sized urban centres in rural territories. High DP rate and socioeconomic disadvantage were overlapping, except for income inequality. Clusters of gender income inequality and women's high DP rate were observed in mid-south Sweden.
DP and socioeconomic disadvantage are not randomly distributed in Sweden. Geospatial analyses revealed clusters of municipalities with high risk of both DP and socioeconomic disadvantage in certain areas and low risk in other areas. Further research is needed to identify preventive actions to decrease regional inequalities in work capacity.
为了描述瑞典社会经济劣势和残疾抚恤金（DP）率的地理空间分布模式，我们研究了市级社会经济劣势和 DP 率指标是否存在聚类，不同的地理空间聚类是否存在重叠，以及这些发现是否在女性和男性中相似。
使用来自瑞典所有 290 个市的行政国家数据，确定 DP 和社会经济劣势（贫困、长期失业、收入不平等（基尼指数）和男女收入不平等）的患病率。确定地理空间冷点（DP/社会经济劣势患病率低于全国患病率的市聚类）和热点（DP/社会经济劣势患病率高于全国患病率的市聚类），并使用 Getis-Ord Gi 统计分析热点是否与另一个热点重叠，冷点是否与另一个冷点重叠。
在女性和男性中，DP 的冷点最一致地位于斯德哥尔摩地区。DP 的热点位于瑞典中南部，以农村地区的中型城市中心为特征。除收入不平等外，DP 率和社会经济劣势都很高，且存在重叠。在瑞典中南部观察到性别收入不平等和女性 DP 率高的聚类。
DP 和社会经济劣势在瑞典的分布并非随机。地理空间分析显示，在某些地区存在同时存在 DP 和社会经济劣势高风险的市聚类，而在其他地区则存在低风险的市聚类。需要进一步研究以确定预防措施，以减少工作能力方面的区域不平等。
