Li Hui-Ru, Fu Xi-Hang, Song Ling-Ling, Cen Man-Qiu, Wu Jing
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jan;30(1):685-698. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22203-9. Epub 2022 Jul 29.
This study aimed to investigate the association between pyrethroid exposure and the risk of depressive symptoms in adults in the USA. Data of participants aged ≥20 years (n = 6455) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2007-2014) were included. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), an adequately detected pyrethroid metabolite, was used as a biomarker to assess pyrethroid exposure. Depressive symptoms were defined as the Patient's Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) total score ≥10 or use of antidepressant. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between urinary 3-PBA levels and the risk of depressive symptoms. In this study, 1150 participants (weighted frequency, 18.45%) developed depressive symptoms. Participants in the highest tertile have a higher risk of depressive symptoms than those in the lowest tertile of urinary 3-PBA and weighted OR of 1.28 (95% CI, 1.00-1.63, P=0.019). There was a nonlinear association between urinary 3-PBA and depressive symptoms (P for nonlinearity = 0.034). Mediation analysis showed the mediating effect of trouble sleeping on the association of urinary 3-PBA with depressive symptoms was 28.8% (P = 0.006). Our findings indicate that pyrethroid exposure is associated with the increased risk of depressive symptoms, and trouble sleeping may mediated this association. Further studies should be conducted to validate our findings and elucidate their underlying mechanisms.
本研究旨在调查美国成年人拟除虫菊酯暴露与抑郁症状风险之间的关联。纳入了美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES，2007 - 2014年）中年龄≥20岁（n = 6455）参与者的数据。3 - 苯氧基苯甲酸（3 - PBA）是一种可充分检测到的拟除虫菊酯代谢物，用作评估拟除虫菊酯暴露的生物标志物。抑郁症状定义为患者健康问卷（PHQ - 9）总分≥10或使用抗抑郁药。进行多变量逻辑回归分析以检验尿中3 - PBA水平与抑郁症状风险之间的关联。在本研究中，1150名参与者（加权频率为18.45%）出现了抑郁症状。尿3 - PBA处于最高三分位数的参与者比处于最低三分位数的参与者患抑郁症状的风险更高，加权比值比为1.28（95%可信区间，1.00 - 1.63，P = 0.019）。尿3 - PBA与抑郁症状之间存在非线性关联（非线性检验P = 0.034）。中介分析表明，睡眠障碍在尿3 - PBA与抑郁症状关联中的中介效应为28.8%（P = 0.006）。我们的研究结果表明，拟除虫菊酯暴露与抑郁症状风险增加有关，睡眠障碍可能介导了这种关联。应进行进一步研究以验证我们的发现并阐明其潜在机制。
