Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Stem Cells. 2022 Oct 21;40(10):883-891. doi: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac051.
The TP53 gene is unarguably one of the most studied human genes. Its encoded protein, p53, is a tumor suppressor and is often called the "guardian of the genome" due to its pivotal role in maintaining genome stability. Historically, most studies of p53 have focused on its roles in somatic cells and tissues, but in the last 2 decades, its functions in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells have attracted increasing attention. Recent studies have identified p53 as a critical regulator of pluripotency, self-renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and genome stability in mouse and human embryonic stem cells. In this article, we systematically review the studies on the functions of p53 in ESCs, provide an updated overview, attempt to reconcile controversial results described in the literature, and discuss the relevance of these cellular functions of p53 to its roles in tumor suppression.
TP53 基因无疑是人类研究最多的基因之一。其编码的蛋白质 p53 是一种肿瘤抑制因子，由于其在维持基因组稳定性方面的关键作用，通常被称为“基因组的守护者”。历史上，大多数关于 p53 的研究都集中在其在体细胞和组织中的作用上，但在过去的 20 年中，其在胚胎干细胞（ESCs）和诱导多能干细胞中的功能引起了越来越多的关注。最近的研究已经确定 p53 是小鼠和人类胚胎干细胞中多能性、自我更新、分化、增殖和基因组稳定性的关键调节因子。在本文中，我们系统地综述了 p53 在 ESCs 中的功能研究，提供了最新的概述，尝试调和文献中描述的有争议的结果，并讨论了 p53 的这些细胞功能与其在肿瘤抑制中的作用的相关性。
