Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh-332311, District-Sikar, Rajasthan, India.
J Mycol Med. 2022 Nov;32(4):101311. doi: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101311. Epub 2022 Jul 16.
Dermatophyte infections are widespread worldwide and are the most prevalent cause of fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails. Tinea corporis is most commonly caused by dermatophytes belonging to three genera: Trichophyton , Microsporum , and Epidermophyton. The disease may be acquired through person-to-person transmission, typically by direct communication with an infected individual. Since dermatophytes causing tinea corporis infection are restricted to superficial keratinized tissue, topical treatments are most effective in patients with naïve tinea corporis unless the disease is widespread. Dermatophyte adherence to a keratinized structure is an essential step in dermatophytosis pathogenesis, whereby proteolytic enzyme activity is converted into a particular keratolytic activity that encourages the dermatophyte to use keratin as the sole source of carbon. Despite increasing dermatophytosis worldwide, particularly in the tropics, this research has often been neglected, appears to predominate globally, and presents practitioners with a therapeutic challenge. However, experts supported the use of allylamines in the pleiotropic molecular exploration of azoles, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and wide-spectrum antimycotic effects. Therefore, the current review aims to update and reform this essential subject and illustrate the recent advancement of the hidden pleiotropic activity of azoles at the molecular level on dermatophytes in human tinea corporis infection.
皮肤癣菌感染在全球广泛存在，是皮肤、毛发和指甲真菌感染的最常见原因。体癣最常由属于三个属的皮肤癣菌引起： Trichophyton、Microsporum 和 Epidermophyton。这种疾病可以通过人与人之间的传播获得，通常是通过与感染者直接接触。由于引起体癣感染的皮肤癣菌仅限于浅层角蛋白组织，因此局部治疗对初次感染体癣的患者最有效，除非疾病广泛传播。皮肤癣菌附着在角蛋白结构上是皮肤癣菌病发病机制中的一个重要步骤，在此过程中，蛋白酶活性转化为特定的角质溶解活性，促使皮肤癣菌将角蛋白作为唯一的碳源。尽管全球范围内的皮肤癣病（尤其是在热带地区）不断增加，但对这方面的研究往往被忽视，它似乎在全球范围内占主导地位，给临床医生带来了治疗上的挑战。然而，专家支持在唑类药物的多效分子探索中使用烯丙胺类药物，包括活性氧 (ROS) 诱导剂、抗炎、抗菌和广谱抗真菌作用。因此，本综述旨在更新和改革这一重要主题，并说明唑类药物在分子水平上对人类体癣感染中皮肤癣菌的潜在多效活性的最新进展。
