Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2022;45(8):1008-1021. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00304.
Lysophospholipids are phospholipids with only one fatty acid. During the past two decades, it has become apparent that lysophospholipids are not merely degradation products but have various physiological and pathological functions in vivo via G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-type receptors. These include lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), lysophosphatidylinositol/lysophosphatidylglucose (LPI/LPtdGlc), and lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS). This review focuses on identifying the functions of the receptors, enzymes, transporters, and carrier proteins required for these four lysophospholipids to function as lipid mediators. We also note that many of advances in this field have been made by Japanese pharmaceutical scientists.
溶血磷脂是仅含有一个脂肪酸的磷脂。在过去的二十年中，越来越明显的是，溶血磷脂不仅仅是降解产物，而且通过 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 型受体在体内具有各种生理和病理功能。这些包括溶血磷脂酸 (LPA)、鞘氨醇 1-磷酸 (S1P)、溶血磷脂酰肌醇/溶血磷脂酰葡萄糖 (LPI/LPtdGlc) 和溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸 (LysoPS)。这篇综述重点介绍了识别这四种溶血磷脂作为脂质介质发挥作用所需的受体、酶、转运体和载体蛋白的功能。我们还注意到，该领域的许多进展都是由日本制药科学家取得的。
