Jayachandran Muthukumaran, Fei Zhaoliang, Qu Shen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2023 Mar;478(3):491-501. doi: 10.1007/s11010-022-04518-w. Epub 2022 Jul 31.
Human genome research has reached new heights in the recent decade thanks to a major advance in genome editing. Genome editing enables scientists to understand better the functions of a single gene and its impact on a wide range of diseases. In brief, genome editing is a technique for introducing alterations into specific DNA sequences, such as insertions, deletions, or base substitutions. Several methods are adopted to perform genome editing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) systems. Unfortunately, despite substantial progress in understanding the molecular pathways behind obesity, anti-obesity medications are now ineffective. If you are obese, a 10% weight decrease would be preferable to healthy body weight for most people. CRISPR-Cas9, on the other hand, has been shown to reduce body weight by an astonishing 20%. Hence, this updated review elaborates on the molecular basis of obesity, risk factors, types of gene therapy, possible mechanisms, and advantages of the CRISPR-Cas9 system over other methods.
由于基因组编辑方面的一项重大进展，人类基因组研究在最近十年达到了新高度。基因组编辑使科学家能够更好地理解单个基因的功能及其对多种疾病的影响。简而言之，基因组编辑是一种用于在特定DNA序列中引入改变的技术，例如插入、缺失或碱基替换。采用了多种方法来进行基因组编辑，包括成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）/CRISPR相关核酸酶9（Cas9）系统。不幸的是，尽管在理解肥胖背后的分子途径方面取得了重大进展，但目前抗肥胖药物效果不佳。对于大多数肥胖者来说，体重减轻10%比达到健康体重更可取。另一方面，CRISPR-Cas9已被证明能使体重惊人地减轻20%。因此，这篇更新的综述阐述了肥胖的分子基础、风险因素、基因治疗类型、可能的机制以及CRISPR-Cas9系统相对于其他方法的优势。
