Varriale Lorena, Coretti Lorena, Dipineto Ludovico, Green Brian D, Pace Antonino, Lembo Francesca, Menna Lucia Francesca, Fioretti Alessandro, Borrelli Luca
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jul 14;9:904522. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.904522. eCollection 2022.
Characterizing the gut microbiota of free-range and alternative poultry production systems provides information, which can be used to improve poultry welfare, performance, and environmental sustainability. Gut microbiota influence not only the health and metabolism of the host but also the presence of zoonotic agents contaminating food of animal origin. In this study, the composition and diversity of the cecal microbiota community of free-range grown chickens were characterized by 16S rDNA high-throughput Illumina sequencing. Significant differences were observed in the composition of chicken cecal microbiota at the time points of 28 days of age (Indoor group) and 56 days of age (Outdoor group), i.e., before and after the outdoor access period of chicken groups. The Outdoor group showed a richer and more complex microbial community, characterized by the onset of new phyla such as Deferribacterota and Synergistota, while the Indoor group showed an increase in Campylobacterota. At the species level, it is noteworthy that the occurrence of in Outdoor group is known to potentially stimulate mucus layer formation in the distal intestinal tract, thus being associated with a healthy gut. We also report a significant decrease in the Outdoor group of , highlighting that the lower abundance at the age of slaughter reduced the possibility to contaminate chickens' carcasses and, consequently, its zoonotic potential. As revealed by a mutual exclusion study in network analysis, was present only if , an uncultured organism of the genus , and were absent. Finally, microbiome predictive analysis revealed an increase of vitamins and micronutrient biosyntheses such as queuosine (Q) and its precursor pre Q0, in the Outdoor group, suggesting that the outdoor evolved microbiota of chickens do contribute to the vitamin pool of the gut and the biosynthesis of micronutrients involved in vital cell processes.
对自由放养和替代家禽生产系统的肠道微生物群进行表征可提供相关信息，这些信息可用于改善家禽福利、生产性能和环境可持续性。肠道微生物群不仅影响宿主的健康和新陈代谢，还影响污染动物源性食品的人畜共患病原体的存在。在本研究中，通过16S rDNA高通量Illumina测序对自由放养肉鸡盲肠微生物群的组成和多样性进行了表征。在28日龄（室内组）和56日龄（室外组）这两个时间点，即鸡群室外放养期前后，观察到鸡盲肠微生物群的组成存在显著差异。室外组显示出更丰富、更复杂的微生物群落，其特征是出现了新的门类，如脱铁杆菌门和协同杆菌门，而室内组弯曲杆菌门有所增加。在物种水平上，值得注意的是，室外组中已知的某种微生物的出现可能会刺激远端肠道黏液层的形成，因此与健康的肠道有关。我们还报告了室外组中另一种微生物的显著减少，这突出表明屠宰时其丰度较低降低了污染鸡胴体的可能性，从而降低了其人畜共患病潜力。正如网络分析中的互斥研究所示，只有在未培养的某属微生物和另一种微生物不存在时，某种微生物才会出现。最后，微生物组预测分析显示，室外组中维生素和微量营养素生物合成增加，如queuosine（Q）及其前体pre Q0，这表明室外环境中鸡的微生物群确实有助于肠道维生素库的形成以及参与重要细胞过程的微量营养素的生物合成。
