Hochmalová Miroslava, Purwestri Ratna Chrismiari, Yongfeng Jian, Jarský Vilém, Riedl Marcel, Yuanyong Dian, Hájek Miroslav
Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 6-Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic.
College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 4300070 Hubei People's Republic of China.
Eur J For Res. 2022;141(5):867-886. doi: 10.1007/s10342-022-01478-0. Epub 2022 Jul 23.
Ecosystem services are investigated from many perspectives, but there are very few studies comparing the perception of forest and demand for forest ecosystem services (FES) in a cross-cultural analysis. This study aims to map the demand for FES and find out the forest perception of forest visitors in both Czech and Chinese societies. Data were collected by structured questionnaire among three different groups of respondents ( = 847) in six forest areas. The questions were focused on the demand for FES, expectations from the forest, preference for the visual form of the forest, and the willingness of forest visitors. Analysis demonstrates that the demand for some FES is related to geographical and cultural conditions. The results indicated that provisioning and regulation services are perceived as more important than cultural services. The differences by country were obvious in the cultural and provisioning services: Chinese demand more relaxing and meditation activities, whereas Czech demand mushroom picking. A significant outcome is a high demand of Chinese respondents for recreational facilities. Tree planting was rated as one of the most popular voluntary activity across the whole sample. Meanwhile, some findings point to an increasing pressure on forest ecosystems and their protection, which emerge due to the strong demand for recreational facilities. According to the findings, active involvement of forest visitors in various activities is recommended so that their appreciation of FES will constantly increase and to take into account the profile of visitors and incorporate them in forest management and planning in order to meet societal demand.
人们从多个角度对生态系统服务进行了研究，但在跨文化分析中，比较森林认知与森林生态系统服务（FES）需求的研究却非常少。本研究旨在描绘FES的需求情况，并了解捷克和中国社会中森林游客对森林的认知。通过结构化问卷在六个林区的三组不同受访者（n = 847）中收集数据。问题集中在FES的需求、对森林的期望、对森林视觉形式的偏好以及森林游客的意愿。分析表明，某些FES的需求与地理和文化条件有关。结果表明，供给和调节服务比文化服务被认为更重要。在文化和供给服务方面，国家间的差异很明显：中国人更需要放松和冥想活动，而捷克人则需要采蘑菇。一个显著的结果是中国受访者对娱乐设施的高需求。植树被评为整个样本中最受欢迎的志愿活动之一。同时，一些研究结果表明，由于对娱乐设施的强烈需求，森林生态系统及其保护面临着越来越大的压力。根据研究结果，建议森林游客积极参与各种活动，以便他们对FES的欣赏不断增加，并考虑游客的特点，将其纳入森林管理和规划中，以满足社会需求。
