Schick Jan, Raz Erez
Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Münster, Germany.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Jul 15;10:926394. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.926394. eCollection 2022.
In the context of development, tissue homeostasis, immune surveillance, and pathological conditions such as cancer metastasis and inflammation, migrating amoeboid cells commonly form protrusions called blebs. For these spherical protrusions to inflate, the force for pushing the membrane forward depends on actomyosin contraction rather than active actin assembly. Accordingly, blebs exhibit distinct dynamics and regulation. In this review, we first examine the mechanisms that control the inflation of blebs and bias their formation in the direction of the cell's leading edge and present current views concerning the role blebs play in promoting cell locomotion. While certain motile amoeboid cells exclusively form blebs, others form blebs as well as other protrusion types. We describe factors in the environment and cell-intrinsic activities that determine the proportion of the different forms of protrusions cells produce.
在发育、组织稳态、免疫监视以及诸如癌症转移和炎症等病理状况的背景下，迁移的阿米巴样细胞通常会形成称为泡状突起的凸起。对于这些球形突起的膨胀，推动膜向前的力取决于肌动球蛋白收缩而非活性肌动蛋白组装。因此，泡状突起表现出独特的动力学和调控机制。在本综述中，我们首先研究控制泡状突起膨胀并使其在细胞前沿方向形成偏向的机制，并阐述关于泡状突起在促进细胞运动中所起作用的当前观点。虽然某些运动性阿米巴样细胞仅形成泡状突起，但其他细胞既形成泡状突起也形成其他类型的凸起。我们描述了环境因素和细胞内在活动，这些因素决定了细胞产生的不同形式凸起的比例。
