Feng Qiuyu, Yang Mengtong, Dong Hongli, Sun Hong, Chen Sijia, Chen Cong, Zhang Yiqi, Lan Xi, Su Danping, Zeng Guo
Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Br J Nutr. 2023 May 14;129(9):1481-1490. doi: 10.1017/S0007114522002422. Epub 2022 Aug 1.
We aimed to examine the association between the quantity and quality of dietary fat in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. In total, 1477 singleton pregnant women were included from Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Southwest China. Dietary information was collected by a 3-d 24-h dietary recall. GDM was diagnosed based on the results of a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 gestational weeks. Log-binomial models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% CI. The results showed that total fat intake was positively associated with GDM risk (Q4 Q1: RR = 1·40; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·76; = 0·001). This association was also observed for the intakes of animal fat and vegetable fat. After stratified by total fat intake (< 30 %E ≥ 30 %E), the higher animal fat intake was associated with higher GDM risk in the high-fat group, but the moderate animal fat intake was associated with reduced risk of GDM (T2 T1: RR = 0·65; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·96) in the normal-fat group. Vegetable fat intake was positively associated with GDM risk in the high-fat group but not in the normal-fat group. No association between fatty acids intakes and GDM risk was found. In conclusion, total fat, animal and vegetable fat intakes were positively associated with GDM risk, respectively. Whereas when total fat intake was not excessive, higher intakes of animal and vegetable fat were likely irrelevant with increased GDM risk, even the moderate animal fat intake could be linked to lower GDM risk.
我们旨在研究孕早期膳食脂肪的量与质和妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）风险之间的关联。总共纳入了来自中国西南部四川省妇女儿童医院的1477名单胎孕妇。通过3天24小时膳食回顾收集膳食信息。根据孕24 - 28周75克2小时口服葡萄糖耐量试验的结果诊断GDM。使用对数二项模型估计相对风险（RR）和95%置信区间（CI）。结果显示，总脂肪摄入量与GDM风险呈正相关（Q4 vs Q1：RR = 1.40；95%CI 1.11，1.76；P = 0.001）。动物脂肪和植物脂肪的摄入量也呈现出这种关联。按总脂肪摄入量（<30%能量 vs ≥30%能量）分层后，高脂肪组中较高的动物脂肪摄入量与较高的GDM风险相关，但正常脂肪组中适量的动物脂肪摄入量与GDM风险降低相关（T2 vs T1：RR = 0.65；95%CI 0.45，0.96）。高脂肪组中植物脂肪摄入量与GDM风险呈正相关，而正常脂肪组中则无此关联。未发现脂肪酸摄入量与GDM风险之间存在关联。总之，总脂肪、动物脂肪和植物脂肪摄入量分别与GDM风险呈正相关。然而，当总脂肪摄入量不过高时，较高的动物脂肪和植物脂肪摄入量可能与GDM风险增加无关，甚至适量的动物脂肪摄入量可能与较低的GDM风险相关。
