Talebi Sepide, Zeraattalab-Motlagh Sheida, Rahimlou Mehran, Sadeghi Erfan, Rashedi Minoo Hasan, Ghoreishy Seyed Mojtaba, Mohammadi Hamed
Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutr Rev. 2025 Feb 1;83(2):e74-e87. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae033.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE) are commonly observed medical complications in pregnancy. Dietary total fat and fatty acids associated with GDM and PE risk have been examined in several epidemiological studies. In some instances, systematic reviews and meta-analyses might provide more accurate dietary recommendations.
This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between dietary total fat and fatty acids and the risk of GDM and PE.
Research on dietary fat intake and the risk of GDM and PE was conducted through systematic searches of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for articles published up to August 19, 2023. An investigation of associations between dietary intake of total fat and fatty acids and the risk of GDM and PE was performed using prospective cohort study designs.
Twenty-one prospective cohort studies were considered eligible. Findings indicated that higher intakes of total fat (relative risk [RR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.14), animal fat (RR, 1.56; 95%CI, 1.34-1.89), vegetable fat (RR, 1.23; 95%CI, 1.05-1.45), dietary cholesterol (RR, 1.48; 95%CI, 1.10-2.00), and omega-3 fatty acid (RR, 1.11; 95%CI, 1.02-1.20) are associated with a greater risk of GDM. However, no significant association was found between dietary total fat and fatty acids and the risk of PE. Dose-response meta-analyses suggested every 10% increment in total energy intake from total fat, 5% from animal fat, 5% from vegetable fat, and 100 mg from cholesterol was related to 15%, 12%, 7%, 14%, and 20% higher GDM risk, respectively.
Overall, total fat, animal fat, vegetable fat, dietary cholesterol, and omega-3 fatty acid consumption are associated with a small but statistically significant increase in GDM risk.
PROSPERO (CRD42023466844).
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）和子痫前期（PE）是孕期常见的医学并发症。多项流行病学研究已对与GDM和PE风险相关的膳食总脂肪和脂肪酸进行了研究。在某些情况下，系统评价和荟萃分析可能会提供更准确的饮食建议。
本系统评价和剂量反应荟萃分析旨在研究膳食总脂肪和脂肪酸与GDM和PE风险之间的关联。
通过系统检索PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库，查找截至2023年8月19日发表的关于膳食脂肪摄入量与GDM和PE风险的研究。使用前瞻性队列研究设计对膳食总脂肪和脂肪酸摄入量与GDM和PE风险之间的关联进行调查。
21项前瞻性队列研究被认为符合条件。研究结果表明，较高的总脂肪摄入量（相对风险[RR]，1.08；95%置信区间[CI]，1.02 - 1.14）、动物脂肪摄入量（RR，1.56；95%CI，1.34 - 1.89）、植物脂肪摄入量（RR，1.23；95%CI，1.05 - 1.45）、膳食胆固醇摄入量（RR，1.48；95%CI，1.10 - 2.00）和ω-3脂肪酸摄入量（RR，1.11；95%CI，1.02 - 1.20）与GDM风险增加有关。然而，未发现膳食总脂肪和脂肪酸与PE风险之间存在显著关联。剂量反应荟萃分析表明，总脂肪提供的总能量每增加10%、动物脂肪增加5%、植物脂肪增加5%以及胆固醇增加100毫克，分别与GDM风险升高15%、12%、7%、14%和20%相关。
总体而言，总脂肪、动物脂肪、植物脂肪、膳食胆固醇和ω-3脂肪酸的摄入与GDM风险有小幅但具有统计学意义的增加有关。
PROSPERO（CRD42023466844）
