National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
J Anim Sci. 2022 Oct 1;100(10). doi: 10.1093/jas/skac250.
The objective of this study was to investigate the dietary effects of Eucommia ulmoides bark and leaf (EB, EL) supplementation on the growth, lipid metabolism, flesh quality, and transcriptome of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). EB and EL were individually added to the basal diet (control) at concentrations of 20 g/kg and 40 g/kg, respectively, and then the three diets were fed to grass carp (59.7 ± 0.3 g) for 60 d. The results showed that the weight gain was improved, and the feed conversion ratio was decreased by supplementation with EB and EL (P < 0.05). Compared to the control, the EB and EL groups showed higher flesh hardness; water-holding capacity; and collagen, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs) contents and lower mesenteric lipid and muscle crude lipid contents (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary EB and EL supplementation increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and decreased the contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in flesh (P < 0.05). In muscle transcriptome profiling, a total of 979, 1980 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 29, 199 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 13, 39 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were significantly enriched in the EB and EL groups, respectively. Some key pathways and genes involved in promoting growth, lipid metabolism and flesh quality were obtained, including mTOR and PPAR signaling pathways, muscle cytoskeleton- and extracellular matrix-related genes (myosin and collagen), etc. Overall, dietary EB and EL supplementation improved the growth, lipid metabolism, and flesh quality of grass carp, and several potential pathways and genes were identified behind the improvement mechanism of EB and EL supplementation.
本研究旨在探究杜仲皮和叶（EB、EL）补充物对草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）生长、脂代谢、肉质和转录组的影响。分别在基础饲料（对照组）中添加 20 g/kg 和 40 g/kg 的 EB 和 EL，然后用这三种饲料喂养 59.7±0.3 g 的草鱼 60 天。结果表明，补充 EB 和 EL 可提高增重，降低饲料转化率（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，EB 和 EL 组的鱼肉硬度、持水力、胶原蛋白、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3PUFAs）含量更高，肠系膜脂肪和肌肉粗脂肪含量更低（P<0.05）。此外，膳食 EB 和 EL 补充可提高超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性，降低肌肉丙二醛和蛋白质羰基的含量（P<0.05）。在肌肉转录组分析中，共鉴定到 979 个和 1980 个差异表达基因（DEGs），EB 和 EL 组分别有 29 个和 199 个基因本体论（GO）术语和 13 个和 39 个京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路显著富集。获得了一些与促进生长、脂代谢和肉质相关的关键通路和基因，包括 mTOR 和 PPAR 信号通路、肌肉细胞骨架和细胞外基质相关基因（肌球蛋白和胶原蛋白）等。总之，膳食 EB 和 EL 补充可提高草鱼的生长、脂代谢和肉质，鉴定到了 EB 和 EL 补充改善机制背后的几个潜在通路和基因。
