Nalbandian Ani, Desai Amar D, Wan Elaine Y
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; email:
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; email:
Annu Rev Med. 2023 Jan 27;74:55-64. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-043021-030635. Epub 2022 Aug 1.
An estimated 10-15% of those infected with SARS-CoV-2 may have post-COVID-19 condition. Common lingering signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, high heart rate, and memory and cognitive dysfunction even several months after infection, often impacting survivors' quality of life. The prevalence and duration of individual symptoms remain difficult to ascertain due to the lack of standardized research methods across various studies and limited patient follow-up in clinical studies. Nonetheless, data indicate post-COVID-19 condition may occur independent of acuity of initial infection, hospitalization status, age, or pre-existing comorbidities. Risk factors may include female sex and underlying respiratory or psychiatric disease. Supportive therapies to mitigate symptoms remain the mainstay of treatment. Reassuringly, most patients experience a reduction in symptoms by 1 year. The use of a universal case definition and shared research methods will allow for further clarity regarding the pervasiveness of this entity and its long-term health consequences.
据估计,感染新型冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)的人群中,有10%至15%可能会出现新冠后遗症。常见的持续症状包括呼吸急促、疲劳、心率加快,甚至在感染数月后仍有记忆和认知功能障碍,这些症状常常影响康复者的生活质量。由于各项研究缺乏标准化的研究方法,且临床研究中对患者的随访有限,因此难以确定个体症状的发生率和持续时间。尽管如此,数据表明新冠后遗症可能独立于初始感染的严重程度、住院情况、年龄或既往合并症而出现。风险因素可能包括女性以及潜在的呼吸系统或精神疾病。缓解症状的支持性疗法仍然是主要的治疗手段。令人欣慰的是,大多数患者在1年内症状会有所减轻。采用通用的病例定义和共享的研究方法将有助于进一步明确这一病症的普遍性及其对长期健康的影响。