Lawrence M, Coward W A, Lawrence F, Cole T J, Whitehead R G
Am J Clin Nutr. 1987 Jun;45(6):1442-50. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/45.6.1442.
Body-fat gain during pregnancy (weight--total body water/0.73) was measured in 50 rural Gambian women exposed to seasonal energy demands of subsistence farming and to annual preharvest food shortages. Twenty-eight women received dietary supplements in amounts previously shown to increase birth weight. In unsupplemented women, fat gain was profoundly affected by the seasons through which the pregnancy progressed, ranging from an estimated loss of 4.7 kg to a net gain of 3 kg at various times of the year. Adjustment for season revealed, however, that pregnancy per se was without effect on body fat content. Supplementation increased fat gain during pregnancy by approximately 2 kg (p less than 0.05) and gave protection against the worst effects of season on energy balance. These findings contribute to our understanding of the consequences of low food intake during pregnancy and the effects of dietary supplementation on birth weight.
对50名冈比亚农村妇女进行了测量，她们面临着自给农业季节性的能量需求以及每年收获前的食物短缺，测量指标为孕期体脂增加量（体重-总体水/0.73）。28名妇女接受了此前已证明可增加出生体重的膳食补充剂。在未补充的妇女中，孕期体脂增加受到孕期所处季节的深刻影响，一年中不同时间的体脂增加量估计从减少4.7千克到净增加3千克不等。然而，对季节因素进行调整后发现，怀孕本身对体脂含量没有影响。补充剂使孕期体脂增加量大约增加了2千克（p<0.05），并防止了季节对能量平衡的最严重影响。这些发现有助于我们理解孕期低食物摄入量的后果以及膳食补充剂对出生体重的影响。
