West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China.
Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
Nanotechnology. 2022 Aug 23;33(45). doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac85f3.
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), have become severe health concern worldwide. The treatment of the CNS diseases is of great challenges due largely to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). On the one hand, BBB protects brain from the harmful exogenous molecules via inhibiting their entry into the brain. On the other hand, it also hampers the transport of therapeutic drugs into the brain, resulting in the difficulties in treating the CNS diseases. In the past decades, nanoparticles-based drug delivery systems have shown great potentials in overcoming the BBB owing to their unique physicochemical properties, such as small size and specific morphology. In addition, functionalization of nanomaterials confers these nanocarriers controlled drug release features and targeting capacities. These properties make nanocarriers the potent delivery systems for treating the CNS disorders. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in nanoparticles-based systems for the CNS delivery, including the conventional and innovative systems. The prerequisites, drawbacks and challenges of nanocarriers (such as protein corona formation) in the CNS delivery are also discussed.
中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病，如阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD），已成为全球严重的健康问题。由于血脑屏障（BBB）的存在，CNS 疾病的治疗极具挑战性。一方面，BBB 通过抑制有害物质进入大脑来保护大脑免受有害的外源性分子的侵害。另一方面，它也阻碍了治疗药物向大脑的转运，导致 CNS 疾病的治疗困难。在过去的几十年中，基于纳米粒子的药物递送系统由于其独特的物理化学性质，如小尺寸和特定形态，在克服 BBB 方面显示出巨大的潜力。此外，纳米材料的功能化赋予这些纳米载体可控的药物释放特性和靶向能力。这些特性使纳米载体成为治疗 CNS 疾病的有效递送系统。本文总结了基于纳米粒子的 CNS 递药系统的最新进展，包括传统和创新系统。还讨论了纳米载体（如蛋白冠形成）在 CNS 递药中的前提条件、缺点和挑战。
