N-adenomethylation of GsdmC is essential for Lgr5 stem cell survival to maintain normal colonic epithelial morphogenesis.

Gut epithelial morphogenesis is maintained by intestinal stem cells. Here, we report that depletion of N-adenosine methyltransferase subunit Mettl14 from gut epithelial cells in mice impaired colon mucosal morphogenesis, leading to increased mucosal permeability, severe inflammation, growth retardation, and premature death. Mettl14 ablation triggered apoptosis that depleted Lgr5 stem cells and disrupted colonic organoid growth and differentiation, whereas the inhibition of apoptosis rescued Mettl14-deleted mice and organoids. Mettl14 depletion disrupted N-adenomethylation on GsdmC transcripts and abolished GsdmC expression. Reconstitution of Mettl14-deleted organoids or mice with GSDMC rescued Lgr5 expression and prevented apoptosis and mouse premature death, whereas GSDMC silence eliminated LGR5 and triggered apoptosis in human colonic organoids and epithelial cells. Mechanistically, Mettl14 depletion eliminated mitochondrial GsdmC, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, and triggered cytochrome c release that activates the pro-apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, GsdmC N-adenomethylation protects mitochondrial homeostasis and is essential for Lgr5 cell survival to maintain normal colonic epithelial regeneration.