Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2022 Dec;129(6):709-718. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.07.027. Epub 2022 Jul 30.
Asthma is a chronic lung disease comprising multiple endotypes and characterized by periodic exacerbations. A diverse array of T cells has been found to contribute to all endotypes of asthma in pathogenic and regulatory roles. Here, we review the contributions of CD4+, CD8+, and unconventional T cells in allergic and nonallergic asthma.
Review of published literature pertaining to conventional and unconventional T-cell types in asthma.
Recent peer-reviewed articles pertaining to T cells in asthma, with additional peer-reviewed studies for context.
Much research in asthma has focused on the roles of CD4+ T cells. Roles for T2 cells in promoting allergic asthma pathogenesis have been well-described, and the recent description of pathogenic T2A cells provides additional insight into these responses. Other T types, notably T1 and T17, have been linked to neutrophilic and steroid-resistant asthma phenotypes. Beyond CD4+ T cells, CD8+ Tc2 cells are also strongly associated with allergic asthma. An emerging area for study is unconventional T-cell types, including γδT, invariant natural killer T, and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Although data in asthma remain limited for these cells, their ability to bridge innate and adaptive responses likely makes them key players in asthma. A number of asthma therapies target T-cell responses, and, although data are limited, they seem to modulate T-cell populations.
Given the diversity and heterogeneity of asthma and T-cell responses, there remain many rich avenues for research to better understand the pathogenesis of asthma. Despite the breadth of T cells in asthma, approved therapeutics remain limited to T2 networks.
哮喘是一种慢性肺部疾病，包括多种表型，其特征是周期性加重。已发现多种 T 细胞在致病和调节作用中有助于哮喘的所有表型。在这里，我们回顾了 CD4+、CD8+和非常规 T 细胞在过敏性和非过敏性哮喘中的作用。
对哮喘中常规和非常规 T 细胞类型的已发表文献进行综述。
与哮喘中 T 细胞相关的最新同行评议文章，并结合其他同行评议研究作为背景。
哮喘的大量研究集中在 CD4+T 细胞的作用上。T2 细胞在促进过敏性哮喘发病机制中的作用已得到充分描述，最近对致病 T2A 细胞的描述为这些反应提供了更多的见解。其他 T 型细胞，特别是 T1 和 T17，与中性粒细胞和类固醇耐药性哮喘表型有关。除 CD4+T 细胞外，CD8+Tc2 细胞也与过敏性哮喘密切相关。一个新兴的研究领域是非常规 T 细胞类型，包括γδT、固有自然杀伤 T 和黏膜相关不变 T 细胞。尽管这些细胞在哮喘中的数据仍然有限，但它们能够桥接先天和适应性反应，这使它们成为哮喘的关键参与者。许多哮喘治疗方法针对 T 细胞反应，尽管数据有限，但它们似乎可以调节 T 细胞群。
鉴于哮喘和 T 细胞反应的多样性和异质性，仍有许多丰富的研究途径可以更好地了解哮喘的发病机制。尽管哮喘中有广泛的 T 细胞，但批准的治疗方法仍然局限于 T2 网络。
