Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Departament de Psicologia Clinica i Psicobiologia, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Psychophysiology. 2023 Jan;60(1):e14156. doi: 10.1111/psyp.14156. Epub 2022 Aug 2.
Actions modulate sensory processing by attenuating responses to self- compared to externally generated inputs, which is traditionally attributed to stimulus-specific motor predictions. Yet, suppression has been also found for stimuli merely coinciding with actions, pointing to unspecific processes that may be driven by neuromodulatory systems. Meanwhile, the differential processing for self-generated stimuli raises the possibility of producing effects also on memory for these stimuli; however, evidence remains mixed as to the direction of the effects. Here, we assessed the effects of actions on sensory processing and memory encoding of concomitant, but unpredictable sounds, using a combination of self-generation and memory recognition task concurrently with EEG and pupil recordings. At encoding, subjects performed button presses that half of the time generated a sound (motor-auditory; MA) and listened to passively presented sounds (auditory-only; A). At retrieval, two sounds were presented and participants had to respond which one was present before. We measured memory bias and memory performance by having sequences where either both or only one of the test sounds were presented at encoding, respectively. Results showed worse memory performance - but no differences in memory bias -, attenuated responses, and larger pupil diameter for MA compared to A sounds. Critically, the larger the sensory attenuation and pupil diameter, the worse the memory performance for MA sounds. Nevertheless, sensory attenuation did not correlate with pupil dilation. Collectively, our findings suggest that sensory attenuation and neuromodulatory processes coexist during actions, and both relate to disrupted memory for concurrent, albeit unpredictable sounds.
动作通过减弱与自身产生的输入相比与外部产生的输入的反应来调节感觉处理，这传统上归因于刺激特异性运动预测。然而，对于仅与动作同时发生的刺激也发现了抑制，这表明可能存在由神经调质系统驱动的非特异性过程。同时，自我产生的刺激的差异处理提出了对这些刺激的记忆产生影响的可能性；然而，关于影响的方向的证据仍然存在分歧。在这里，我们使用自我产生和记忆识别任务与 EEG 和瞳孔记录相结合的方法，评估了动作对同时发生但不可预测的声音的感觉处理和记忆编码的影响。在编码时，受试者进行了一半时间会产生声音的按钮按压（运动听觉；MA），并被动地听声音（仅听觉；A）。在检索时，呈现两个声音，参与者必须回答哪个声音在之前出现过。我们通过在编码时分别呈现两个测试声音都存在或仅一个测试声音存在的序列来测量记忆偏差和记忆性能。结果表明，与 A 声音相比，MA 声音的记忆性能更差 - 但记忆偏差没有差异 - 反应减弱，瞳孔直径增大。重要的是，MA 声音的感觉衰减和瞳孔直径越大，记忆性能越差。然而，感觉衰减与瞳孔扩张没有相关性。总之，我们的研究结果表明，在动作过程中，感觉衰减和神经调质过程并存，并且两者都与对同时发生的、尽管不可预测的声音的记忆受损有关。
