Al-Dulaimi Abdullah, Alsayed Ahmad R, Maqbali Mohammed Al, Zihlif Malek
MSc. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan.
PhD, MSc, PharmD. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan.
Pharm Pract (Granada). 2022 Apr-Jun;20(2):2665. doi: 10.18549/PharmPract.2022.2.2665. Epub 2022 May 2.
To investigate the co-infections with human rhinovirus (HRV) among patients with asthma exacerbation and COVID-19 in Jordan. Also, to determine the frequency of acute asthma exacerbation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic on a matched basis.
The data of this prospective cohort research consisted of clinical variables. During the first visit, and after 14-days, nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed for HRV and SARS-CoV-2 detection.
Forty-seven out of 175 (26.9%) COVID-19 adult cases have been diagnosed with asthma. The number of asthma exacerbations among the study participants was higher during 2021 than in 2020 (p=0.035). Most of the included asthmatic participants (61.7%) were only positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 38.3% were co-infected with HRV. The SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold value was lower in samples infected with both viruses compared to samples infected with SARS-CoV-2 alone, p<0.005.
Our findings indicate that HRV and SARS-CoV-2 were significantly more prevalent in asthma exacerbations than stable asthma. Thus, HRV and/or SARS-CoV-2 infections were potentially cofactors or contributors to the asthma exacerbation in this cohort. This is the first study, in Jordan, to investigate the HRV co-infection in COVID-19 asthmatic patients and HRV could be related with a higher severity of COVID-19.
调查约旦哮喘急性加重患者和新冠肺炎患者中人类鼻病毒（HRV）的合并感染情况。同时，在匹配的基础上确定新冠肺炎大流行之前和期间急性哮喘加重的发生率。
这项前瞻性队列研究的数据包括临床变量。在首次就诊时以及14天后，采集鼻咽拭子，并进行定量聚合酶链反应以检测HRV和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）。
175例新冠肺炎成年病例中有47例（26.9%）被诊断患有哮喘。研究参与者中哮喘急性加重的人数在2021年高于2020年（p=0.035）。大多数纳入研究的哮喘患者（61.7%）仅SARS-CoV-2呈阳性，38.3%合并感染HRV。与仅感染SARS-CoV-2的样本相比，两种病毒都感染的样本中SARS-CoV-2的循环阈值更低，p<0.005。
我们的研究结果表明，HRV和SARS-CoV-2在哮喘急性加重患者中比在稳定期哮喘患者中明显更普遍。因此，HRV和/或SARS-CoV-2感染可能是该队列中哮喘急性加重的辅助因素或促成因素。这是约旦第一项调查新冠肺炎哮喘患者中HRV合并感染情况的研究，并且HRV可能与新冠肺炎的更高严重程度相关。
