Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy.
Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
Cancer Lett. 2022 Oct 10;546:215838. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215838. Epub 2022 Jul 31.
Inflammation, which triggers the release of a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, is a critical component of tumor progression. Prokineticin 2 belongs to a new family of chemokines bound to two G-protein-coupled receptors called prokineticin receptor 1 and 2 that exert various tissue-specific biological functions. Under pathological conditions, prokineticin 2 can induce the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of endothelial cells, suggesting that this molecule plays a role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The aim of this review is to provide a complete compendium of the involvement of prokineticin 2 in some cancers and to evaluate its role not only in the tumor microenvironment as an angiogenic factor and a mediator of immune cell migration, but also in modulating tumor growth and spread as a suppressor of tumor cell apoptosis, and as a trigger of their proliferation and movements required for metastasis. The involvement of prokineticin 2 in tumor pain and resistance responses is also described, and finally, the potential role of prokineticin 2 as a novel prognostic tumor biomarker is highlighted.
炎症会触发多种生长因子、细胞因子和趋化因子的释放，是肿瘤进展的关键组成部分。促动力素 2 属于一个新的趋化因子家族，与两种 G 蛋白偶联受体（称为促动力素受体 1 和 2）结合，发挥各种组织特异性的生物学功能。在病理条件下，促动力素 2 可诱导内皮细胞的增殖、迁移和血管生成，表明该分子在肿瘤生长、血管生成和转移中发挥作用。本综述的目的是提供促动力素 2 参与某些癌症的完整概述，并评估其作用不仅作为血管生成因子和免疫细胞迁移的介质在肿瘤微环境中，而且作为肿瘤细胞凋亡的抑制剂，以及作为触发其增殖和转移所需运动的调节剂。还描述了促动力素 2 与肿瘤痛和耐药反应的关系，最后强调了促动力素 2 作为一种新的预后肿瘤生物标志物的潜在作用。
