Wang Guoliang, Lian Qing, Wang Deng, Jiang Feng, Mi Guojun, Li Dongyang, Huang Yulan, Wang Yun, Yao Xiyu, Shi Run, Liao Chwenhaw, Zheng Jianghui, Ho-Baillie Anita, Amini Abbas, Xu Baomin, Cheng Chun
Department of materials science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China.
School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Adv Mater. 2022 Sep;34(38):e2205143. doi: 10.1002/adma.202205143. Epub 2022 Aug 19.
Fabricating perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in air is conducive to low-cost commercial production; nevertheless, it is rather difficult to achieve comparable device performance as that in an inert atmosphere because of the poor moisture toleration of perovskite materials. Here, the perovskite crystallization process is systematically studied using two-step sequential solution deposition in an inert atmosphere (glovebox) and air. It is found that moisture can stabilize solvation intermediates and prevent their conversion into perovskite crystals. To address this issue, thermal radiation is used to accelerate perovskite crystallization for integrated perovskite films within 10 s in air. The as-formed perovskite films are compact, highly oriented with giant grain size, superior photoelectric properties, and low trap density. When the films are applied to PSC devices, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.8% is obtained, one of the best results for air-processed inverted PSCs under high relative humidity (60 ± 10%). This work substantially assists understanding and modulation to perovskite crystallization kinetics under heavy humidity. Also, the ultrafast conversion strategy by thermal radiation provides unprecedented opportunities to manufacture high-quality perovskite films for low-temperature, eco-friendly, and air-processed efficient inverted PSCs.
在空气中制备钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）有利于低成本商业化生产；然而，由于钙钛矿材料的耐湿性较差，要实现与在惰性气氛中相当的器件性能相当困难。在此，利用两步顺序溶液沉积法，在惰性气氛（手套箱）和空气中系统地研究了钙钛矿的结晶过程。研究发现，水分可以稳定溶剂化中间体并阻止其转化为钙钛矿晶体。为了解决这个问题，利用热辐射在空气中10秒内加速集成钙钛矿薄膜的钙钛矿结晶。所形成的钙钛矿薄膜致密、高度取向、晶粒尺寸巨大、光电性能优异且陷阱密度低。当将这些薄膜应用于PSC器件时，获得了20.8%的最佳功率转换效率（PCE），这是在高相对湿度（60±10%）下空气处理的倒置PSC的最佳结果之一。这项工作极大地有助于理解和调控高湿度下钙钛矿的结晶动力学。此外，热辐射的超快转换策略为制造用于低温、环保且空气处理的高效倒置PSC的高质量钙钛矿薄膜提供了前所未有的机会。
