Malik Elisa, Baumann Timo, Fangerau Heiner, Hansson Nils
Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Centre for Health and Society, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
Pathologie (Heidelb). 2023 Feb;44(1):63-69. doi: 10.1007/s00292-022-01086-0. Epub 2022 Jun 9.
Between 1901 and 1953, a total of 5110 persons were nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. This time period spans both world wars and touches on the question of how the Nobel Committees dealt with German prize candidates.
The nominations of the German pathologist Franz Büchner for the Nobel Prize will be used to examine the extent to which it played a role in the awarding of the prize if some of the research results to be honoured were obtained during the National Socialist era. The article also presents an overview of all pathologists from Germany who were nominated for the Nobel Prize during the first half of the 20th century.
Data from the nomination archive in Stockholm as well as nomination letters and expert opinions of the Nobel Committee (Nobel Archive) were analysed. Franz Büchner's nomination is examined in more detail as an example, because the nominators justified their proposal with Büchner's publications traced here, that in part originated from the National Socialist era.
Franz Büchner was nominated by three German professors in 1963. Both areas for which he was to be awarded concerned his research on the influence of oxygen deficiency on the function and development of the human organism. In the end, Büchner's achievements were deemed not worthy of the Nobel Prize. His role as a military researcher during National Socialism and the knowledge of hypoxia acquired during this period do not seem to have had a negative impact on the Nobel Prize evaluation.
1901年至1953年间，共有5110人被提名为诺贝尔生理学或医学奖候选人。这段时期跨越了两次世界大战，涉及到诺贝尔委员会如何对待德国候选人的问题。
德国病理学家弗朗茨·比希纳的诺贝尔奖提名将被用于研究，如果一些获奖的研究成果是在纳粹时代获得的，这在多大程度上会影响奖项的授予。本文还概述了20世纪上半叶所有被提名为诺贝尔生理学或医学奖候选人的德国病理学家。
分析了斯德哥尔摩提名档案中的数据，以及诺贝尔委员会（诺贝尔档案馆）的提名信和专家意见。以弗朗茨·比希纳的提名为例进行了更详细的研究，因为提名者以比希纳的部分源自纳粹时代的出版物为其提名理由。
1963年，三位德国教授提名弗朗茨·比希纳。他被提名的两个领域都与他关于缺氧对人体机能和发育影响的研究有关。最终，比希纳的成就被认为不值得授予诺贝尔奖。他在纳粹时期作为军事研究员的角色以及在此期间获得的缺氧知识，似乎对诺贝尔奖的评审没有产生负面影响。
