Menzel-Severing Johannes, Spaniol Kristina, Groeber-Becker Florian, Geerling Gerd
Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
Translationszentrum Regenerative Therapien | TLZ-RT, Leitung In-vitro-Testsysteme, Fraunhofer-Institut für Silicatforschung ISC, Würzburg, Deutschland.
Ophthalmologie. 2022 Sep;119(9):891-901. doi: 10.1007/s00347-022-01674-8. Epub 2022 Jun 24.
In the case of thermal or caustic burns of the ocular surface, loss of limbal epithelial stem cells leads to compromised self-renewal of the corneal epithelium. This results in permanent loss of vision. In these situations, transplantation of cultured limbal epithelial cells on an amniotic membrane or fibrin gel as substrate (Holoclar®) can help to regenerate the corneal surface. The required cells are obtained from the healthy partner eye, if available. Adult stem cells from other parts of the body potentially serve as alternative cell sources: hair follicles, oral mucosa, mesenchymal stromal cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells (originally, e.g., skin fibroblasts). The reprogramming of such cells can be achieved with the help of transcription factors. In addition, work is being done on biosynthetic or synthetic matrices, which not only serve as substrate material for the transplantation but also support the functional properties of these cells (self-renewal, corneal epithelial-typical phenotype).
在眼表发生热烧伤或腐蚀性烧伤的情况下，角膜缘上皮干细胞的丧失会导致角膜上皮自我更新能力受损。这会导致永久性视力丧失。在这些情况下，将培养的角膜缘上皮细胞移植到羊膜或纤维蛋白凝胶作为基质（Holoclar®）上有助于角膜表面再生。所需细胞可从健康的对侧眼获取（如果有）。来自身体其他部位的成体干细胞可能作为替代细胞来源：毛囊、口腔黏膜、间充质基质细胞或诱导多能干细胞（最初例如皮肤成纤维细胞）。借助转录因子可实现此类细胞的重编程。此外，正在研究生物合成或合成基质，其不仅作为移植的基质材料，还支持这些细胞的功能特性（自我更新、角膜上皮典型表型）。
