Dos Santos Analú Bender, Costa-Beber Lílian Corrêa, de Pelegrin Basso Eloisa Gabriela, Donato Yohanna Hannah, Sulzbacher Maicon Machado, Sulzbacher Lucas Machado, Ludwig Mirna Stela, Heck Thiago Gomes
Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande Do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario, Ijui, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijui, RS, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jan;30(1):1908-1918. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22196-5. Epub 2022 Aug 4.
Obesity and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) are risk factors for insulin resistance, to which physical exercise is the most powerful non-pharmacological strategy. However, public concern over whether exercise could be protective in a polluted environment exists. Therefore, evaluating the possible benefits of exercise in polluted conditions in different contexts (age, gender, and cardiometabolic health) is imperative. In this sense, muscle plays a major role in maintaining glucose homeostasis, and its oxidative status is closely affected during exercise. This study tested whether moderate aerobic training could alleviate the metabolic and oxidative impairment in the gastrocnemius induced by the combination of a high-fat diet (HFD) and PM exposure. Female mice (B6129SF2/J) received HFD (58.3% of fat) or standard diet, intranasal instillation of 20 μg residual oil fly ash (ROFA: inorganic portion of PM), or saline seven times per week for 19 weeks. In the 13th week, animals were submitted to moderate training or remained sedentary. Trained animals followed a progressive protocol for 6 weeks, ending at swimming with 5% body weight of workload for 60 min, while sedentary animals remained in shallow water. Aerobic moderate training attenuated weight gain and glucose intolerance and prevented muscle and pancreatic mass loss induced by a HFD plus ROFA exposure. Interestingly, a HFD combined with ROFA enhanced the catalase antioxidant activity, regardless of physical exercise. Therefore, our study highlights that, even in polluted conditions, moderate training is the most powerful non-pharmacological treatment for obesity and insulin resistance.
肥胖和接触细颗粒物（PM）是胰岛素抵抗的风险因素，而体育锻炼是最有效的非药物策略。然而，公众对于在污染环境中锻炼是否具有保护作用存在担忧。因此，评估在不同背景（年龄、性别和心脏代谢健康状况）的污染条件下锻炼可能带来的益处势在必行。从这个意义上讲，肌肉在维持葡萄糖稳态中起主要作用，并且其氧化状态在运动过程中会受到密切影响。本研究测试了中等强度的有氧训练是否能减轻由高脂饮食（HFD）和接触PM共同作用所诱导的腓肠肌代谢和氧化损伤。雌性小鼠（B6129SF2/J）接受高脂饮食（脂肪含量58.3%）或标准饮食，每周经鼻滴注20μg残留油飞灰（ROFA：PM的无机部分）或生理盐水，共19周，每周7次。在第13周时，将动物分为接受中等强度训练组或保持 sedentary组。训练组动物按照渐进方案进行6周训练，最终达到负重5%体重游泳60分钟，而 sedentary组动物则留在浅水中。中等强度的有氧训练减轻了体重增加和葡萄糖不耐受，并防止了高脂饮食加ROFA暴露所诱导的肌肉和胰腺质量损失。有趣的是，无论是否进行体育锻炼，高脂饮食与ROFA联合使用均增强了过氧化氢酶的抗氧化活性。因此，我们的研究强调，即使在污染条件下，中等强度训练仍是治疗肥胖和胰岛素抵抗最有效的非药物疗法。
