Grupo de Investigacion sobre Envejecimiento (GIE), IEGD, CSIC, Madrid, España.
Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, España.
PLoS One. 2022 Aug 4;17(8):e0272549. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272549. eCollection 2022.
Following the active ageing model based on the Health, Lifelong Learning, Participation and Security pillars, this research has a twofold objective: i) to classify older adults according to active ageing profiles, taking into account the four pillars, and ii) to ascertain the relationship between the profiles and personal and contextual factors, as well as well-being and quality of life in old age.
A study sample of 5,566 Spanish older adults who participated in wave 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was included. Data were analysed in different steps applying several statistical analyses (Principal Component, Cluster, Discriminant, Multiple Correspondence and bivariate analysis with Pearson chi-square and ANOVA).
Five older adult profiles were obtained (I: with moderate activity; II: quasi-dependents; III: with active ageing-limiting conditions; IV: with diverse and balanced activity; V: with excellent active ageing conditions). The first three profiles were characterised by subjects with a high average age, low educational level, who were retired or housewives, and who perceived a moderate level of loneliness, satisfaction with the social network and quality of life, as well as having a larger family network, but living in small households or alone. In contrast, the latter two profiles showed better personal and contextual conditions, well-being and quality of life.
The multidimensional approach to active ageing followed in this article has revealed the presence of several older adult profiles, which are confined to groups with better or worse active ageing conditions. In this context, if ageing is a process that reflects the previous way of life, intervention priorities will have to consider actions that promote better conditions during the life cycle.
本研究基于健康、终身学习、参与和安全支柱的积极老龄化模式，具有双重目标：i）根据四个支柱对老年人进行分类，ii）确定各个人群的特征与个人和环境因素、以及老年时的幸福感和生活质量之间的关系。
本研究纳入了参加欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查（SHARE）第六波调查的 5566 名西班牙老年人作为研究样本。采用多种统计分析方法（主成分、聚类、判别、多元对应和二变量分析与 Pearson 卡方和 ANOVA）对数据进行分析。
得到了五个老年人群体特征（I：活动适度；II：准依赖；III：具有积极老龄化限制条件；IV：具有多样和平衡的活动；V：具有出色的积极老龄化条件）。前三个特征群体的特点是受试者年龄较大、教育程度较低、退休或家庭主妇、孤独感、社会网络和生活质量满意度中等，家庭网络较大，但居住在小家庭或独居。相比之下，后两个特征群体的个人和环境条件、幸福感和生活质量较好。
本文采用多维的积极老龄化方法，揭示了几种老年人群体特征的存在，这些特征局限于具有较好或较差积极老龄化条件的群体。在这种情况下，如果老龄化是一个反映先前生活方式的过程，干预措施的重点将必须考虑在生命周期中促进更好条件的行动。
