China Academy for Rural Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
School of Public Administration, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
PLoS One. 2022 Aug 5;17(8):e0272519. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272519. eCollection 2022.
Developing countries have common goals of poverty eradication and improving people's livelihoods. As the largest developing country, China has made remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation during the 30 years of reform. Although a targeted poverty alleviation mechanism was established by the Chinese government in 2013, the identification of poor households has been an arduous journey. Based on a total of 688 samples of grassroots officials and 2,621 rural households from 69 village-level divisions in 9 provinces in China, this study conducted cross-validation on the impact of the participation of rural households in the identifying poor households that required government assistance. This was from the perspectives of grassroots officials and rural households. It was investigated whether this participation led to an anomaly between the identification of poor households and the actual situation. Empirical results show that the participation of rural households in appraisals significantly increases the probability of identifying a non-poor household as a poor household (first error) and decreases the probability of failing to identify a poor household as a poor household (second error). As the impact of the first error is greater than that of the second error, the participation of rural households in appraisals has the overall effect of increasing the incorrect registrations of poor households. These results are still valid after addressing the self-selection problem. For other developing countries to successfully apply effort into poverty alleviation, in addition to focusing on increasing farmers' participation in public affairs, they should prevent any bias that may be caused by farmers' participation in public affairs; strengthen publicity and guidance; focus on the nurture of officials; perfect top-level design; and set clearer targets for poverty alleviation policies.
发展中国家有共同的减贫和改善民生的目标。作为最大的发展中国家，中国在 30 年的改革开放中在减贫方面取得了显著成就。尽管中国政府在 2013 年建立了有针对性的扶贫机制，但贫困家庭的识别一直是一个艰巨的过程。本研究基于对中国 9 个省 69 个村级单位的 688 名基层官员和 2621 户农村家庭的总样本，从基层官员和农村家庭两个角度对农村家庭参与识别需要政府援助的贫困家庭的影响进行了交叉验证。这是否导致了贫困家庭识别与实际情况之间的异常。实证结果表明，农村家庭参与评估显著增加了将非贫困家庭错误识别为贫困家庭的概率（第一类错误），并降低了未能将贫困家庭识别为贫困家庭的概率（第二类错误）。由于第一类错误的影响大于第二类错误的影响，农村家庭参与评估的总体效果是增加了贫困家庭的错误登记。在解决了自选择问题后，这些结果仍然有效。为了使其他发展中国家成功地将扶贫工作的重点放在努力上，除了注重增加农民参与公共事务外，还应防止农民参与公共事务可能造成的任何偏见；加强宣传和引导；注重官员的培养；完善顶层设计；为扶贫政策设定更明确的目标。
