Dual-ligand lanthanide metal-organic framework for ratiometric fluorescence detection of the anthrax biomarker dipicolinic acid.

Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is a unique biomarker of Bacillus anthracis. Development of a simple, fast, sensitive and timely DPA detection method is of great importance and interest for preventing mass disease outbreaks and treatment of anthrax. In this work, a novel lanthanide-doped fluorescence probe was constructed by coordination of Eu with bifunctional UiO-66-(COOH)-NH MOFs materials for efficient monitoring DPA. UiO-66-(COOH)-NH MOFs were prepared using Zr as a metal node, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (HBTC) and 2-aminoterephthalic acid (NH-BDC) as bridging ligand through a simple one-pot synthesis method. By virtue their abundant carboxyl groups, UiO-66-(COOH)-NH can readily grasp Eu to form UiO-66-(COOH)-NH/Eu with coordinated water molecules at Eu sites. Upon interaction with DPA molecules, the coordinated HO molecules were replaced by DPA molecules which transfer energy to Eu in UiO-66-(COOH)-NH/Eu and sensitize Eu luminescence. Meanwhile, DPA has a characteristic absorption band at 270 nm, which overlapped with the excitation spectrum of NH-BDC, allowing the fluorescence of UiO-66-(COOH)-NH/Eu at 453 nm to be greatly quenched by DPA through inner filter effect (IFE). Therefore, the rationally designed UiO-66-(COOH)-NH/Eu complex not only exhibits strong hydrophilicity and high dispersion, but also serves as ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform for monitoring DPA concentration. This sensing platform showed a satisfactory linear relationship from 0.2 μM to 40 μM with a limit of detection of 25.0 nM and a noticeable fluorescence color change from blue to red, holding a great promise in practical applications.