Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Medical College, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
BMC Psychol. 2022 Aug 7;10(1):194. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00900-x.
We translated and validated the Urdu version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life (QoL) Questionnaire's Head and Neck (H&N) Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) and assessed its convergent and discriminant validity by examining correlations of QoL with depression, anxiety, and resilience.
We translated the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 according to EORTC instructions. Patients at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan completed a survey consisting of Urdu versions of EORTC QLQ-C30 (core QoL tool), QLQ-H&N35, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS-14). Content validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability (using Cronbach's alpha) of the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 were assessed.
Our sample comprised 250 patients with H&N cancer, most commonly oral (82%). The Urdu translations were comprehensible for all patients. The Cronbach alpha for QLQ-H&N35 multi-item domains ranged from 0.75 to 0.98 (acceptable to excellent), barring "Senses Problems", which was less than the generally acceptable level (0.50). The patient-reported content validity index (CVI) scores for relevance and clarity of the Urdu version of the QLQ-H&N35 were 0.93 and 0.92, respectively (both excellent). Our results revealed weak bidirectional correlations of the QLQ-H&N35 with resilience, depression, and anxiety, showing good discriminant validity. A weak-to-moderate but significant negative correlation (r: - 0.185 to - 0.613; p < 0.01) was seen between the QLQ-H&N35 and the global QoL measure of the QLQ-30.
Our Urdu translation of the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 demonstrated validity comparable to previous studies, with good discriminant construct validity when measured against resilience, depression, and anxiety. An issue of concern is the poor internal consistency of the "Senses Problems" domain. Nevertheless, the Urdu translation produced in this study serves as a valid and reliable measure to measure QoL in H&N cancer in clinical or research settings in Pakistan.
我们将欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织（EORTC）生活质量问卷（QLQ）头颈部（H&N）癌症模块的乌尔都语版本进行了翻译和验证，并通过检查生活质量与抑郁、焦虑和韧性的相关性，评估了其收敛和判别效度。
我们根据 EORTC 的指示翻译了 EORTC QLQ-H&N35。巴基斯坦一家三级保健医院的患者完成了一项调查，其中包括 EORTC QLQ-C30（核心生活质量工具）、QLQ-H&N35、医院焦虑和抑郁量表以及 Wagnild 和 Young 韧性量表（RS-14）的乌尔都语版本。评估了 EORTC QLQ-H&N35 的内容效度、收敛效度、判别效度和可靠性（使用 Cronbach's alpha）。
我们的样本包括 250 名 H&N 癌症患者，最常见的是口腔癌（82%）。所有患者都能理解乌尔都语翻译。QLQ-H&N35 多项目域的 Cronbach alpha 范围为 0.75 至 0.98（可接受至优秀），但“感觉问题”低于一般可接受水平（0.50）。患者报告的乌尔都语版 QLQ-H&N35 的内容效度指数（CVI）相关性和清晰度评分分别为 0.93 和 0.92（均为优秀）。我们的结果显示，QLQ-H&N35 与韧性、抑郁和焦虑呈弱双向相关性，表明具有良好的判别效度。QLQ-H&N35 与 QLQ-30 的整体生活质量测量值之间存在弱至中度但显著的负相关（r：-0.185 至-0.613；p<0.01）。
我们对 EORTC QLQ-H&N35 的乌尔都语翻译与先前的研究相比具有可比性，当与韧性、抑郁和焦虑进行衡量时，具有良好的判别结构效度。一个令人关注的问题是“感觉问题”域的内部一致性较差。然而，本研究中产生的乌尔都语翻译可作为在巴基斯坦临床或研究环境中测量 H&N 癌症生活质量的有效和可靠工具。
