Siddiqui Sazada, Alrumman Sulaiman A
Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Sep;29(9):103390. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103390. Epub 2022 Jul 21.
Cytomixis is a common phenomenon observed in meiotic cells such as anther which is influenced by various factors. Use of pesticides is a common practice in agriculture. However, it is not known whether pesticides can induce cytomixis in plant cells and induce genetic variation. To understand this, the present study was planned to assess the cytomixis and syncytes behaviors in PMCs of L. Seeds of (Family: Fabaceae) were treated with different concentrations of commonly used pesticides methomyl (ME), imbraclaobrid (IM) and clethodim (CL). Seeds were treated with various concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% of ME, IM and CL prepared in water) for 1 and 3 h. Effect of pesticides on pollen fertility, frequency of cytomixis, and kind of cytomixis cells was assessed. In the cytomixis cells, the cytomictic channel (CC) and direct fusion (DF), and various stages of meiosis (PI, MI, AI and TI) with cytomixis cells were observed. In addition, frequency of syncytes cell and their various stages of meiosis I (PI, MI, AI and TI) in pollen mother cells (PMCs) was assessed. During the microsporogenesis in the occurrence of cytomixis and syncytes at various stages of meiosis I were seen. The formation of cytoplasmic channels and direct fusing of pollen mother cells (PMCs) were both seen to cause cytomixis, with the former being more common than the latter. The percentage of PMCs with cytomixis and syncytes cells increased with increase in the concentration of pesticides. The result of the present investigation indicates that commonly used pesticides ME, IM, and CL have a significant effect on pollen fertility, frequency of cytomixis, and kind of cytomixis cells, the cytomictic channel (CC) and direct fusion (DF), in addition, frequency of syncytes cell and their various stages of meiosis I (PI, MI, AI and TI) in pollen mother cells (PMCs) on .
细胞融合是在减数分裂细胞（如受多种因素影响的花药）中观察到的常见现象。在农业中，使用农药是一种常见做法。然而，尚不清楚农药是否会在植物细胞中诱导细胞融合并引发遗传变异。为了解这一情况，本研究计划评估羽扇豆花粉母细胞中细胞融合和多核细胞的行为。用不同浓度的常用农药灭多威（ME）、咪鲜胺（IM）和烯禾啶（CL）处理羽扇豆（豆科）种子。用不同浓度（在水中配制的ME、IM和CL的0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%和0.5%）处理种子1小时和3小时。评估农药对花粉育性、细胞融合频率和细胞融合类型细胞的影响。在细胞融合细胞中，观察到细胞融合通道（CC）和直接融合（DF），以及与细胞融合细胞相关的减数分裂各阶段（前期Ⅰ、中期Ⅰ、后期Ⅰ和末期Ⅰ）。此外，评估了花粉母细胞（PMCs）中多核细胞及其减数分裂Ⅰ各阶段（前期Ⅰ、中期Ⅰ、后期Ⅰ和末期Ⅰ）的频率。在羽扇豆小孢子发生过程中，观察到减数分裂Ⅰ各阶段出现细胞融合和多核细胞。花粉母细胞（PMCs）中细胞质通道的形成和直接融合均被视为导致细胞融合的原因，前者比后者更常见。具有细胞融合和多核细胞的花粉母细胞百分比随农药浓度增加而增加。本研究结果表明，常用农药ME、IM和CL对花粉育性、细胞融合频率和细胞融合类型细胞、细胞融合通道（CC）和直接融合（DF）有显著影响，此外，对花粉母细胞（PMCs）中多核细胞及其减数分裂Ⅰ各阶段（前期Ⅰ、中期Ⅰ、后期Ⅰ和末期Ⅰ）也有显著影响。
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