Siddiqui Sazada, Alrumman Sulaiman A
Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Oct 23;11(11):1549. doi: 10.3390/biology11111549.
Pesticides are commonly used in modern agricultural systems to protect the plants from pests. Even though they potentially increase the crop yield, they have undesirable toxic effects on the consumers of plant products and nontarget host plants. However, there are limited studies to demonstrate the cytological changes induced by pesticides on plant cells. In the present study, we assess the cytological changes induced by two most commonly used insecticides, methomyl (ME) and imidacloprid (IM), using L. as model plant system. . seeds were exposed to various concentrations of ME and IM (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%) for 1, 3, and 6 h, and their effects on seed germination (SG), radicle length (RL), mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations frequency (CAF), and micronucleus frequency (MNF) were studied. The results indicate that these insecticides decrease MI in root-tip cells, and increase in the MNF in pollen-mother cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, insecticide-treated groups showed a dose- and time-dependent increase in the percentage of aberrant meiotic cells. Clumped nuclei (CNU), stickiness (STC), bridges (BRs), laggards (LGs), secondary association (SA), and precocious separation (PS) were among the frequently observed anomalies. The findings of this study indicate that commonly used insecticides ME and IM have substantial genotoxic effects on the root-tip and pollen-mother cells of L.
农药在现代农业系统中被广泛使用，以保护植物免受害虫侵害。尽管它们可能会提高作物产量，但对植物产品的消费者和非目标寄主植物具有不良的毒性作用。然而，关于农药对植物细胞诱导的细胞学变化的研究有限。在本研究中，我们以拟南芥为模型植物系统，评估两种最常用的杀虫剂灭多威（ME）和吡虫啉（IM）诱导的细胞学变化。将拟南芥种子暴露于不同浓度的ME和IM（0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%和0.5%）中1小时、3小时和6小时，并研究它们对种子萌发（SG）、胚根长度（RL）、有丝分裂指数（MI）、染色体畸变频率（CAF）和微核频率（MNF）的影响。结果表明，这些杀虫剂以剂量依赖的方式降低根尖细胞的MI，并增加花粉母细胞中的MNF。此外，经杀虫剂处理的组在异常减数分裂细胞的百分比上呈现出剂量和时间依赖性的增加。核聚集（CNU）、粘连（STC）、桥接（BRs）、落后染色体（LGs）、次生联会（SA）和早熟分离（PS）是经常观察到的异常现象。本研究结果表明，常用杀虫剂ME和IM对拟南芥的根尖和花粉母细胞具有显著的遗传毒性作用。
