Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 22;13:948297. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.948297. eCollection 2022.
Despite the significant clinical advances with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in a wide range of cancer patients, response rates to the therapy are variable and do not always result in long-term tumor regression. The development of ICI-resistant disease is one of the pressing issue in clinical oncology, and the identification of new targets and combination therapies is a crucial point to improve response rates and duration. Antigen processing and presentation (APP) pathway is a key element for an efficient response to ICI therapy. Indeed, malignancies that do not express tumor antigens are typically poor infiltrated by T cells and unresponsive to ICIs. Therefore, improving tumor immunogenicity potentially increases the success rate of ICI therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the key elements of the APP machinery that can be exploited to enhance tumor immunogenicity and increase the efficacy of ICI-based immunotherapy.
尽管免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICIs) 在广泛的癌症患者中得到了显著的临床应用，但该疗法的反应率存在差异，并不总能导致长期的肿瘤消退。ICI 耐药性疾病的发展是临床肿瘤学中的一个紧迫问题，确定新的靶点和联合治疗方法是提高反应率和持续时间的关键。抗原处理和呈递 (APP) 途径是对 ICI 治疗产生有效反应的关键因素。事实上，不表达肿瘤抗原的恶性肿瘤通常 T 细胞浸润不良，对 ICI 无反应。因此，提高肿瘤免疫原性有可能提高 ICI 治疗的成功率。在这篇综述中，我们概述了 APP 机制的关键要素，这些要素可以被利用来增强肿瘤的免疫原性，提高基于 ICI 的免疫治疗的疗效。
