Khorshidi Masoud, Sayyari Aliakbar, Aryaeian Naheed, Olang Beheshteh, Alaei Mohammadreza, Khalili Mitra, Hosseini Amirhossein, Salehi Masoud
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Front Nutr. 2022 Jul 22;9:962773. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962773. eCollection 2022.
Vascular dysfunction is a major complication of diabetes mellitus that leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to examine the effects of omega-3 consumption on endothelial function, vascular structure, and metabolic parameters in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 51 adolescents (10-18 years) with T1DM completed the study. Patients received 600 mg/day [containing 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 120 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] of omega-3 or placebo for 12 weeks. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), serum insulin (SI), urine albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR), blood pressure, and anthropometric indices were assessed at the baseline and after the intervention.
Following supplementation, omega-3 significantly increased FMD (3.1 ± 4.2 vs. -0.6 ± 4%, = 0.006) and decreased TG (-7.4 ± 10.7 vs. -0.1 ± 13.1 mg/dl, = 0.022) in comparison with the placebo group. However, no significant difference was observed regarding CIMT (-0.005 ± 0.036 vs. 0.003 ± 0.021 mm, = 0.33). Although hs-CRP was significantly decreased within the omega-3 group ( = 0.031); however, no significant change was observed compared to placebo group ( = 0.221). Omega-3 supplementation had no significant effect on other variables.
Given the elevation in FMD and reduction in TG, omega-3 supplementation can improve vascular function and may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in adolescents with T1DM patients.
血管功能障碍是糖尿病的主要并发症，可导致心血管疾病（CVD）。本研究旨在探讨摄入ω-3对1型糖尿病（T1DM）青少年内皮功能、血管结构和代谢参数的影响。
在这项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的临床试验中，51名10至18岁的T1DM青少年完成了研究。患者接受12周的ω-3补充剂，剂量为600毫克/天[含180毫克二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和120毫克二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）]或安慰剂。在基线和干预后评估血流介导的血管舒张功能（FMD）、颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）、高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、红细胞沉降率（ESR）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、总胆固醇、血尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐、空腹血糖（FBS）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、定量胰岛素敏感性检查指数（QUICKI）、血清胰岛素（SI）、尿白蛋白肌酐比值（uACR）、血压和人体测量指标。
与安慰剂组相比，补充ω-3后，FMD显著增加（3.1±4.2对-0.6±4%，P=0.006），TG降低（-7.4±10.7对-0.1±13.1毫克/分升，P=0.022）。然而，CIMT未见显著差异（-0.005±0.036对0.003±0.021毫米，P=0.33）。虽然ω-3组hs-CRP显著降低（P=0.031）；但与安慰剂组相比无显著变化（P=0.221）。补充ω-3对其他变量无显著影响。
鉴于FMD升高和TG降低，补充ω-3可改善T1DM青少年的血管功能，并可能降低心血管疾病风险。
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