College of Allied Health Professionals, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, KPK, Pakistan.
Hum Antibodies. 2022;30(3):131-150. doi: 10.3233/HAB-220001.
In numerous studies related to tumor prognosis, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been identified as a biomarker. This work aimed to determine the prognostic importance of PD-L1 in breast cancer. We searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Google scholar, home pages of publishing groups, medical, clinical, and pharmaceutical sciences journals, as well as other relevant sources to discover the importance of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in breast cancer therapies and also recurrence. The keywords used in this search were autoimmunity, programmed cell death, PD-L1 or PD-1, and breast cancer. Our inclusion criteria included studies showing the synergy between the expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 in primary breast cancers as prognostic markers and this research was limited to humans only. We included review articles, original research, letters to the editor, case reports, and short communications in our study, published in English. We focused our work on PD-L1 mRNA expression in breast cancer cell lines. PD-L1 expression has been decisively demonstrated to be a high-risk factor for breast cancer with a bad prognosis.
在许多与肿瘤预后相关的研究中,程序性死亡配体 1(PD-L1)已被确定为一种生物标志物。本研究旨在确定 PD-L1 在乳腺癌中的预后意义。我们检索了电子数据库,如 PubMed、Google Scholar、出版集团主页、医学、临床和制药科学期刊以及其他相关来源,以发现 PD-1 和 PD-L1 表达在乳腺癌治疗和复发中的重要性。本研究中使用的关键词包括自身免疫、程序性细胞死亡、PD-L1 或 PD-1 和乳腺癌。我们的纳入标准包括显示 PD-L1 和 PD-1 在原发性乳腺癌中的表达作为预后标志物之间协同作用的研究,且该研究仅限于人类。我们纳入了综述文章、原始研究、给编辑的信、病例报告和简短交流,这些文章均以英文发表。我们专注于乳腺癌细胞系中 PD-L1 mRNA 的表达。已经明确表明,PD-L1 表达是乳腺癌预后不良的高风险因素。
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