Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Prog Neurobiol. 2022 Nov;218:102336. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102336. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
Microglia shape synaptic connections among neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) during development and adulthood. In this review, the actions by which they facilitate pruning, refinement, and new synaptic development throughout the lifespan are considered, along with the molecular mechanisms by which neurons and microglia communicate to guide these actions. Microglia survey neuronal activity and selectively modify synaptic connections at the level of individual dendrites and synapses. This is important given that microglia are necessary for a healthy nervous system capable of learning and other neural phenomena based on synaptic modifications and can also cause pathological synaptic disfunctions in immunologically driven neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding how microglia directly shape synaptic connections between neurons yields a more complete understanding of normal neuroplasticity and provides new routes for understanding disease states.
小胶质细胞在中枢神经系统（CNS）的发育和成年过程中塑造神经元之间的突触连接。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了它们在整个生命周期中促进修剪、细化和新突触发育的作用，以及神经元和小胶质细胞之间通过分子机制进行通讯以指导这些作用的方式。小胶质细胞检测神经元的活动，并在单个树突和突触水平上选择性地修饰突触连接。这一点很重要，因为小胶质细胞对于能够基于突触修饰进行学习和其他神经现象的健康神经系统是必需的，并且在免疫驱动的神经退行性疾病中也可以引起病理性突触功能障碍。了解小胶质细胞如何直接塑造神经元之间的突触连接，可以更全面地理解正常的神经可塑性，并为理解疾病状态提供新的途径。
