Department of Microbiology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel.
J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2022 Jun 2;20(1):218-224. doi: 10.33314/jnhrc.v20i01.4142.
Urinary tract infection is one of the commonest infectious diseases worldwide. This study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria causing urinary tract infection visiting Kathmandu University Hospital.
A total of 3,500 urine samples were processed and antibiotic resistance pattern was determined following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Patients' information was obtained after informed consent.
Total number of samples with positive growth was 434 (12.40%). 331 (76.27%) of the isolates were Escherichia coli followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter species. Over all 224 (51.61%) were multidrug resistant strains. All strains were sensitive to colistin, vancomycin and linezolid. Over all ampicillin and cefazolin had least sensitivity. Multidrug resistant strains were detected more among elderly patients with complicated urinary tract infection and diabetes which was 25 (83.33%) compared to elderly patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection and having no diabetes or any other comorbid illnesses which was only 11(22.22%) (p-value<0.05). 21 (70.00%) of the pregnant females had multidrug resistant isolates and only 18 (36.73%) of pediatric age group patients had multidrug resistant isolates (p-value<0.05) Conclusion: Drug-resistant bacteria were observed in urine samples. Effective treatment and prevention of urinary tract infection need detailed microbiological diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing.
尿路感染是全球最常见的传染病之一。本研究旨在确定就诊于加德满都大学医院的尿路感染患者的细菌对抗菌药物的敏感性模式。
共处理了 3500 份尿液样本，并按照临床实验室标准协会的指南确定了抗生素耐药模式。在获得知情同意后，获取了患者的信息。
总共有 434 份样本呈阳性生长（12.40%）。331 株（76.27%）分离株为大肠埃希菌，其次是肺炎克雷伯菌、肠球菌属、铜绿假单胞菌、腐生葡萄球菌、奇异变形杆菌、肠杆菌属、大肠埃希菌、柠檬酸杆菌属、普通变形杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和不动杆菌属。总体而言，有 224 株（51.61%）为多药耐药菌株。所有菌株均对黏菌素、万古霉素和利奈唑胺敏感。总体而言，氨苄西林和头孢唑林的敏感性最低。在患有复杂性尿路感染和糖尿病的老年患者中，多药耐药菌株的检出率为 25 株（83.33%），而在患有单纯性尿路感染且无糖尿病或任何其他合并症的老年患者中，多药耐药菌株的检出率仅为 11 株（22.22%）（p 值<0.05）。21 名（70.00%）孕妇分离株为多药耐药株，而儿科年龄组患者中仅有 18 株（36.73%）分离株为多药耐药株（p 值<0.05）。
在尿液样本中观察到耐药菌。尿路感染的有效治疗和预防需要详细的微生物学诊断和药敏试验。
