CD155 mutation (Ala67Thr) increases the binding affinity for and the signaling via an inhibitory immunoreceptor TIGIT.

CD155 is a shared ligand for activating and inhibitory immunoreceptors DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1), also called CD226, and T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT), which are expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and T cells, and positively and negatively regulates tumor immune responses, respectively. A recent study showed that the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1058402G>A causing a mutation to Thr from Ala at residue 67 of CD155 is associated with worse overall survival of patients with small cell lung cancer and suggested that this is caused by the decreased affinity of mutant CD155 for DNAM-1 as a result of the 3D structural analysis. Unexpectedly, however, we found that the mutation increased the binding affinity for TIGIT rather than decreased the binding affinity for DNAM-1 and induced a stronger signal than WT CD155. Our results suggest that the mutation suppresses tumor immune responses by generating a stronger inhibitory signal in immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.