Department of Infection Control, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway.
Department of Community Medicine and Global Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
PLoS One. 2022 Aug 10;17(8):e0264667. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264667. eCollection 2022.
To assess total antibody levels against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) spike protein up to 12 months after Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) infection in non-vaccinated individuals and the possible predictors of antibody persistence.
This is the first part of a prospective multi-centre cohort study.
The study included SARS-CoV-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive and negative participants in South-Eastern Norway from February to December 2020. Possible predictors of SARS-CoV-2 total antibody persistence was assessed. The SARS-CoV-2 total antibody levels against spike protein were measured three to five months after PCR in 391 PCR-positive and 703 PCR-negative participants; 212 PCR-positive participants were included in follow-up measurements at 10 to 12 months. The participants completed a questionnaire including information about symptoms, comorbidities, allergies, body mass index (BMI), and hospitalisation.
The SARS-CoV-2 total antibody levels against spike protein three to five and 10 to 12 months after PCR positive tests.
SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies against spike protein were present in 366 (94%) non-vaccinated PCR-positive participants after three to five months, compared with nine (1%) PCR-negative participants. After 10 to 12 months, antibodies were present in 204 (96%) non-vaccinated PCR-positive participants. Of the PCR-positive participants, 369 (94%) were not hospitalised. The mean age of the PCR-positive participants was 48 years (SD 15, range 20-85) and 50% of them were male. BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was positively associated with decreased antibody levels (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.42). Participants with higher age and self-reported initial fever with chills or sweating were less likely to have decreased antibody levels (age: OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99; fever: OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.75).
Our results indicate that the level of SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies against spike protein persists for the vast majority of non-vaccinated PCR-positive persons at least 10 to 12 months after mild COVID-19.
评估未接种疫苗的个体在感染新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）后长达 12 个月时针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）刺突蛋白的总抗体水平，以及抗体持续存在的可能预测因素。
这是一项前瞻性多中心队列研究的第一部分。
该研究纳入了 2020 年 2 月至 12 月在挪威东南部实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）阳性和阴性的 SARS-CoV-2 参与者。评估了 SARS-CoV-2 总抗体持续存在的可能预测因素。在 PCR 阳性的 391 名和 PCR 阴性的 703 名参与者中，在 PCR 后 3 至 5 个月测量了针对刺突蛋白的 SARS-CoV-2 总抗体水平；212 名 PCR 阳性参与者被纳入 10 至 12 个月的随访测量。参与者完成了一份问卷，其中包括症状、合并症、过敏、体重指数（BMI）和住院情况的信息。
PCR 阳性测试后 3 至 5 个月和 10 至 12 个月时针对刺突蛋白的 SARS-CoV-2 总抗体水平。
在 366 名（94%）未接种疫苗的 PCR 阳性参与者中，在 3 至 5 个月后检测到针对 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白的总抗体，而在 9 名（1%）PCR 阴性参与者中未检测到。在 10 至 12 个月时，在 204 名（96%）未接种疫苗的 PCR 阳性参与者中检测到抗体。在 PCR 阳性的参与者中，有 369 名（94%）未住院。PCR 阳性参与者的平均年龄为 48 岁（SD 15，范围 20-85），其中 50%为男性。BMI≥25 kg/m2 与抗体水平降低呈正相关（OR 2.34，95%CI 1.06-5.42）。年龄较高和自述初发发热伴寒战或出汗的参与者不太可能出现抗体水平降低（年龄：OR 0.97，95%CI 0.94-0.99；发热：OR 0.33，95%CI 0.13-0.75）。
我们的研究结果表明，至少在感染 COVID-19 后 10 至 12 个月，针对轻度 COVID-19 的绝大多数未接种疫苗的 PCR 阳性者中，针对 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白的总抗体水平持续存在。
