Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Aggress Behav. 2022 Nov;48(6):595-607. doi: 10.1002/ab.22048. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
Despite the growing body of evidence concerning the harmful effects of childhood maltreatment, intimate partner violence exposure (IPVE) and their correlates, little is currently known about the effects of co-occurring advantageous family conditions (e.g., instrumental support, inductive parenting, positive communication) and how they may serve to offset the detrimental effects of maltreatment and IPVE. The present study applied a three-step latent class analysis to identify the co-occurrence patterns of childhood maltreatment and advantageous family conditions among 1379 Spanish adolescents. The study also sought to identify the sociodemographic risk markers and psychosocial adjustment associated with each latent class membership. The analyses revealed four classes, namely (1) violent family context, (2) emotionally neglectful family context, (3) adverse and advantageous family conditions, and (4) positive family context. Having a lower socioeconomic status and being a migrant were both risk markers for membership to the violent family context as well as to the adverse and advantageous family conditions class. Adolescents who were exposed to advantageous family conditions (e.g., the positive family context or the adverse and advantageous family conditions) exhibited fewer psychosocial problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, somatisation) and lower frequencies of teen dating violence (TDV) when compared with those in the violent family context. Moreover, membership to the emotionally neglectful family context class was related to more psychological symptoms and a higher prevalence of TDV when compared with membership to the positive family context class, despite the absence of IPVE and maltreatment. Overall, the results provide evidence that advantageous family conditions contribute to better psychosocial adjustment on the part of adolescents even when exposed to IPV and maltreatment. Identifying the experiences that contribute to adolescents' psychosocial adjustment could help clinical and governmental interventions tailor their often-limited resources to children who are at greater risk of negative outcomes.
尽管越来越多的证据表明儿童期虐待、亲密伴侣暴力暴露（IPVE）及其相关因素会造成危害，但目前对于同时存在有利家庭条件（例如工具性支持、诱导式育儿、积极沟通）的影响以及它们如何抵消虐待和 IPVE 的不利影响知之甚少。本研究应用三步潜在类别分析，确定了 1379 名西班牙青少年中儿童虐待和有利家庭条件的同时发生模式。该研究还试图确定与每个潜在类别成员身份相关的社会人口风险标志物和心理社会适应情况。分析结果显示存在四种类型，分别是：（1）暴力家庭环境；（2）情感忽视家庭环境；（3）不利和有利家庭条件；（4）积极家庭环境。社会经济地位较低和移民是属于暴力家庭环境以及不利和有利家庭条件类别的风险标志物。与处于暴力家庭环境的青少年相比，那些处于有利家庭条件（例如，积极家庭环境或不利和有利家庭条件）的青少年表现出较少的心理社会问题（例如抑郁、焦虑、躯体化）和较低的青少年约会暴力（TDV）发生率。此外，与处于积极家庭环境类别相比，处于情感忽视家庭环境类别的青少年更易出现心理症状，TDV 发生率更高，尽管他们没有经历过 IPVE 和虐待。总的来说，研究结果表明，即使青少年遭受 IPV 和虐待，有利的家庭条件也有助于他们更好地适应心理社会环境。确定有助于青少年心理社会适应的经验可以帮助临床和政府干预措施针对那些面临更大负面结果风险的儿童，调整他们有限的资源。
