Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
Deakin University, Deakin Biostatistics Unit, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
Clin Nutr. 2022 Sep;41(9):1942-1949. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.005. Epub 2022 Jul 10.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diet and genetic predisposition to adiposity are independent predictors of body composition, yet few cohort studies have examined the association between overall diet quality indices, genetic risk and body composition. This study examined the prospective association of three diet quality indices and a polygenic risk score (PRS) with trunk fat mass, total fat mass, lean mass and bone mineral content.
Adults from UK Biobank cohort were included. Dietary intake was assessed using the Oxford WebQ and three diet quality indices calculated: Recommended Food Score (RFS); Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS); Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI). Bioimpedance data were available for trunk fat, total fat and lean mass (kg). Trunk fat mass (kg), total fat mass (kg) and lean mass (kg) were assessed using bioelectrical impedance (BIA) in 17,478 adults. Bone mineral content (g) was available from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in 11,887 participants. Linear regression analyses, adjusted for demographic and lifestyle confounders, were used to estimate prospective associations between each diet quality index and body composition outcomes. A PRS created from 97 adiposity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms was used to examine interaction effects.
A total of 17,478 adults (M = 55.9, SD 7.5 years) were followed up for up to 10 years. RFS, HDI and MDS were inversely associated with trunk fat (RFS: B -0.29; 95% CI: -0.33, -0.25; HDI: -0.23; -0.27, -0.19; MDS: -0.22; -0.26, -0.18), total fat (RFS: B -0.49; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.42; HDI: -0.38; -0.45, -0.32; MDS: -0.38; -0.44, -0.32) and lean (RFS: B -0.10; 95% CI: -0.14, -0.06; HDI: -0.07; -0.11, -0.03; MDS: -0.07; -0.11, -0.04) mass. Diet quality was positively associated with bone mineral content (RFS: B 8.23; 95% CI: 2.14, 14.3; HDI: 6.77; 1.00, 12.5). There was evidence of non-linear associations between diet quality (RFS and HDI only) and trunk fat (p < 0.01) and total fat mass (p < 0.05). There was limited evidence PRS was associated with body composition, with interaction effects of PRS and HDI (p-interaction = 0.039) and MDS (p-interaction = 0.031) on total fat mass.
Higher diet quality was associated with lower trunk fat, total fat and lean mass, regardless of the diet quality index examined (RFS, HDI or MDS), while higher diet quality (RFS and HDI only) was associated with higher bone mineral content. The benefit of higher diet quality on reducing total fat mass was most evident in individuals with higher generic risk of adiposity. These findings underscore the importance of a high-quality diet for maintaining optimal body composition, particularly in individuals with genetic pre-disposition to adiposity.
饮食和肥胖的遗传倾向是身体成分的独立预测因素，但很少有队列研究检查整体饮食质量指数、遗传风险与身体成分之间的关系。本研究旨在前瞻性地研究三种饮食质量指数和一个多基因风险评分（PRS）与躯干脂肪量、总脂肪量、瘦体重和骨矿物质含量之间的关系。
纳入 UK Biobank 队列中的成年人。使用牛津网络问卷（Oxford WebQ）评估膳食摄入量，并计算三种饮食质量指数：推荐食物评分（RFS）；地中海饮食评分（MDS）；健康饮食指标（HDI）。生物阻抗数据可用于 17478 名成年人的躯干脂肪、总脂肪和瘦体重（kg）。11887 名参与者使用双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）评估躯干脂肪质量（kg）、总脂肪质量（kg）和瘦体重（kg）。使用与 97 个肥胖相关的单核苷酸多态性创建的 PRS 来检查身体成分结果的交互作用。
共纳入 17478 名成年人（M=55.9，SD 7.5 岁），随访时间长达 10 年。RFS、HDI 和 MDS 与躯干脂肪（RFS：B=-0.29；95%CI：-0.33，-0.25；HDI：-0.23；-0.27，-0.19；MDS：-0.22；-0.26，-0.18）、总脂肪（RFS：B=-0.49；95%CI：-0.56，-0.42；HDI：-0.38；-0.45，-0.32；MDS：-0.38；-0.44，-0.32）和瘦（RFS：B=-0.10；95%CI：-0.14，-0.06；HDI：-0.07；-0.11，-0.03；MDS：-0.07；-0.11，-0.04）质量呈负相关。饮食质量与骨矿物质含量呈正相关（RFS：B8.23；95%CI：2.14，14.3；HDI：6.77；1.00，12.5）。饮食质量（仅 RFS 和 HDI）与躯干脂肪（p<0.01）和总脂肪量（p<0.05）之间存在非线性关联的证据。有有限的证据表明 PRS 与身体成分有关，PRS 与 HDI（p 交互=0.039）和 MDS（p 交互=0.031）之间存在交互作用对总脂肪量的影响。
无论所检查的饮食质量指数（RFS、HDI 或 MDS）如何，较高的饮食质量与较低的躯干脂肪、总脂肪和瘦体重有关，而较高的饮食质量（仅 RFS 和 HDI）与较高的骨矿物质含量有关。在具有更高肥胖遗传倾向的个体中，较高的饮食质量对降低总脂肪量的益处最为明显。这些发现强调了优质饮食对于维持最佳身体成分的重要性，尤其是对于具有肥胖遗传倾向的个体。
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